A Research On The Relationships Between Parents' Marital Quality, Parent-child Attachment And Preschooler's Anxiety

One of common emotional disorder problems of children is anxiety, which is defined as an unpleasant experience about external events and internal thoughts and feelings. The proper anxiety is the motive force guarantee of impelling children to finish the task better, but over-anxiety can produce anxiety disorder. The anxiety disorder is one of most common spiritual diseases of children, which can cause children to have many behavior problems, thus influence children's mental health. The research discovered that it was a dangerous factor of adult's anxiety disorder that the preschooler is anxious, its production is closely linked with the quality of family environment. As the most important family interpersonal relationships, parents'marital relationship and parent-child relationship will inevitably have an impact on children's anxiety. The studies about preschooler's anxiety and family influential factors are limited to overseas at present, so the purpose of this study is to compensate for the lack of domestic research. On the basis of this, two studies were conducted to investigate preschool's anxiety, the relationship between parents'marital quality, parent-child attachment and anxiety in preschool children. Based on these findings, we find protective factors and vulnerability factors, and the counseling strategies to improve the anxiety children are proposed.In study 1, the developmental characteristics of children's anxiety were investigated by questionnaire survey (Spence Preschool Anxiety Scale).In study 2, the relations between parents'marital quality, parent-child attachment and anxiety in preschool children were investigated by Olson Marital Quality Questionnaire, Attachment Behavior Q-set and Spence Preschool Anxiety Scale.The main findings in the above two studies are as follows:1. Children's anxiety gradually decreases with age. The children's anxiety in bottom-class is significantly higher than those in mid-class and taipans. In anxiety symptoms, only fear of physical injury is different with age. Children's fear of physical injury in taipans is significantly lower than those in mid-class and taipans.2. Fear of physical injury of girls is significantly higher than those of boys, children's anxiety and other symptoms do not have significant gender differences.3. The highest anxiety level of children is fear of physical injury, followed by separation anxiety and social phobia, the lower are obsessive-compulsive disorder and generalized anxiety.4. The incidence of post-traumatic stress disorder in preschool children is very low.5. Parents'marital quality is closely related to anxiety and other symptoms. Idealization, marital satisfaction, personality issues, communication, conflict resolution, financial management, leisure activities, children and parenting, family and friends have negative correlations with children's anxiety. In low marital quality group, the total score of children's anxiety is higher than those in high marital quality group.6. Parent-child attachment has significantly negative correlations with children's anxiety and other symptoms except fear of physical injury. The scores of children's anxiety, separation anxiety and generalized anxiety in good parent-child attachment group are lower than those in poorer and general parent-child attachment group.7. Parent-child attachment has significantly positively with parents'marital quality and other dimensions for example communication, conflict resolution, children and parenting.8. Parent-child attachment mediated the association between parents'marital quality and children's anxiety.