Shandong's Agriculture Development And The Refugee Problem In Earlier Ming Dynasty Period

The Ming Dynasty's refugee question always is a focal point question in the historical academic circles. And quite many are the reasons of the refugee's formation. Generally speaking there are many opinions on the question, such as heavy taxes, soil annexation, relieving policies, and worsened environment and so on. Summary of these studies just have made an overall exposition on the refugee's formation from the macro and overall perspective, compared lacks the attention and the research on the refugee's formation in the local area. This paper plans to take the Shandong's refugee in Ming Dynasty earlier period as a case study, and interpret the root of the refugee's formation from the environmental history perspective. The ecological environment as an important factor of the refugee's formation in the Ming Dynasty is not the isolation appears and existence, its production has the very complicated relations to the large-scale agricultural development which carry on in Shandong by the government in The Ming Dynasty earlier period.First, the question's proposing. Summarizes kinds of domestically research results on the refugee's formation reasons, explained the environment question which the agriculture development and the refugees' question involved.Second, discusses the"the Ideal Society"intention of the ruler's country reconstruction take the DongChangFu and YanZhouFu as examples. Analyze the refugee's characteristic and performance of the different time interval in the Ming Dynasty earlier period.Third, mainly analyze the relations concrete between the ecological environment's vicissitude and the refugee's formation. In the analysis on the basis of Shandong's land annexation and payment of taxes situation, Proposes the viewpoint that these factors and is insufficient to cause the big refugee movement in the Ming Dynasty earlier period. the frequent natural disaster, the bad production and living conditions and Each kind of famine and ecological crisis more and more become an important attribute which the refugee's formation. And the agricultural development is exactly the important hazard factor of the famine and the ecology question. Take the DongChangFu and YanZhouFu as examples, Explanation the process about the refugee's produces process under the ecological environment worsening situation and the mechanism of the refugee's formation: "ecology crisis--farmer's impoverished--natural disasters--refugee formation". And the refugee carries on the migration, flows out and other behaviors in order to deal with the difficult position form the ecological environment self-adjustment.Finally, the ecology crisis which caused by the Shandong's agriculture development, is an important reason that causes the large-scale refugee tide, Emphasis the concept that the Social impact of the "the ecology refugee" unifies the current situation, and gives the important history enlightenments to the current "SanNong" constructions.