The Research On A Type Of Short-term Adverbs Such As "Immediately, Hurriedly"

Lu Jianming and MaZhen put forward that"Short-term adverbs don't indicate tense and mean the short term of the time"in the "discussion of modern Chinese function Words" .The results of research on short-term adverbs by Grammar academic circles are scattered across the various reference books of Function Words , but the existing interpretation of the short-term adverbs can not meet the needs of the Chinese teaching as a foreign language, the errors which returned students commit when they used Short-term adverbs show the problems that the select and restrictiveness between modern Chinese short-term adverbs and the tense or aspect of sentence , the semantic choice of the short-term adverbs and other adverbs which appears at the same situation , the choice and restrictions between different types of sentences and the function of Short-term adverbs, the meaning and usage of the similarities and different issues about synonymic short-term adverbs. This paper has been selected a type of short time adverbs mean that "an movement or action shortly conducted, occur or completed after speaking or another movement, that the time section is a very short intervals." as objects to study. We called them Short-term adverbs for short. According to the material from the Corpus of modern Chinese language in Peking University, regarding the theory of semantic Functional Grammar background, at the use of semantic analysis method, the above-mentioned issues were studied. We put Short-term adverbs into time system of modern Chinese language and different types of sentences having different semantic functions in order to analyze their commonalities and differences on the syntactic, semantic and pragmatic plane. It is higher theoretical value and practical significance to study the Chinese adverb and use short-term adverbs correctly by returned students. This paper has five parts totally including preface:Preface and introduction. Firstly, it introduces the origins to choose this proposition, the value of the research, the studying range. Secondly, it introduces the research situation about short-term adverbs and time system of modern Chinese language; it proposed existing questions in this issue and the problems which we should focus on .This is the value of research. At last, it proposed the research methods, the sources of corpus and the overall thinking.Chapter 1, short-term adverbs and category of time. This chapter inspected the law which the short-term adverbs with the auxiliary words of aspect, verb, mood particle and other adverbs .It proposed the relation of short-term adverbs with tense, aspect and phase. We pointed that short-term adverbs indicate the short term of the time from the term point of view, soon from the point of tense, what happened afterwards from the point of aspect, it used in the sentences of achievement and accomplishment stage form the point of phase. What we redefine the short-term Adverbs is not only the further refinement about Lu Jianming's classified in 1985, but also more in line with the facts of Chinese language, it should be an innovation of this paper.Chapter II, short-term adverbs and the sentence types of semantic function. This chapter inspected the distribution and grammatical function about the short-term adverb in the incident and non-incident sentence, declarative sentences (affirmative, negative) and non-declarative sentences. We thought short-term adverb can be used for almost all kinds of interrogative sentences, imperative sentence, and headings sentence and subordinate sentence, but can not be used for habitual sentence. Due to the syntactic and semantic requirements of negative sentence and the constraints of the "Scope" of negative words , short-term adverbs can not be used to deny freely in the sentence having negative word such as "no" and "not", in most cases short-term Adverbs appeared on the back of negative words. This is another innovation of this paper.Chapter III, internal multi-angle analysis of short-term adverbs. This chapter we study the differences of modern Chinese short-term adverbs through cross-category comparison, similar comparison, the analysis of error. In the semantics, "immediately category" focused on the objective requirements of the tight time schedule and "hurriedly category" focus on the subjective feeling of emergency incidents .In syntax, "hurriedly category" have more constraints than "immediately category", or "immediately category" can use more liberal than "hurriedly category ".Chapter IV, conclusions and additional discussion. This chapter firstly summarized the main viewpoints and innovation of the paper, and proposed the issue which we will continue to explore.