The Comparative Research Of The Dictionary Of Mandarin's Phonetic System

"The dictionary of mandarin"(DM in the following) which is designed for carrying out the mandarin, is the first dictionary of contemporary Chinese language. It is the most influential dictionary of contemporary Chinese language in China before the born of"the dictionary of contemporary Chinese language"(DCCL in the following) and reflects the features of Beijing language in the initial stage of twenty centuries. Nowadays, DCCL used by mainland China is designed for popularizing the Putonghua, whose voice sets the Beijing language as the standard one deflecting the features of the Beijing language after the age of fifty in twenty centuries. This paper analyzes the system of Beijing voice in the initial stage of twenty centuries reflected in DM (1937) and compares with that reflected in DCCL (2005), and reveals the evolutionary trajectory of the Beijing voice in almost one hundred years from the beginning of twenty centuries to the beginning of twenty one centuries. Besides, It makes a conclusion on the characteristic of evolution and basic regularity.Based on the study of voice system on DM, we learn the roughly features of Beijing voice in the age of thirty in twenty centuries. Furthermore, through comparing the change of basic syllable in DM and DCCL respectively, we find that there are dramatic changes in syllable having same voice owned by two dictionaries. For example, there are 63 syllables having same voice existed in DM but disappeared in DCCL including 10 untoned syllables having same voice; there are 61 syllables having same voice existed in DCCL but disappeared in DM including 31 untoned syllables having same voice occupying a half. However, the change of syllables having same voice in common is small. There are only 9 syllables having large changes. The change of untoned syllables having same voice is relative smaller. There are only 20 syllables having same voice in the kind of tone and the change of untoned syllables having same voice is relative larger.We refer to the analysis of materials of phonetic notation in DCCL by Su Xinchun and Lin Jinzhan, makes the basis of materials of phonetic notation of DM, and embodies the syllables which have two or more Chinese characters in the table of Beijing voice syllables according to the standard of the number of syllables. Moreover, we make detailed choose in syllables having one Chinese character. On the whole, we take the standard of regularity, recapitulatory and university and get the number of Beijing voice syllables reflected in DM as follows. The number of tone syllables is 1315 approximately, but is 1292 strictly; the number of syllables not specialized by tone is 420 approximately, but is 418 strictly. Basically, DM is the same with DCCL on the number of syllables having no special difference. However, there are phenomena in two dictionaries that the number of syllables increases or decreases (this expresses in the aspect of some untoned words), which are shown mostly in the tone words. The special syllables which have a little number in DM are replaced, which sampled the voice system of Beijing voice. From the beginning of twenty centuries to nowadays, there are not sharp changes with them.So, we can say that the characteristic of the structure of the syllables in Beijing voice is stable basically in the beginning of twenty centuries and this stability lasts one hundred years.By the comparing between the polyphone in DM and its pronunciation in DCCL, we find that it may be that DM is in the beginning of the regularity of language, the standard for choosing Chinese character is broad, recording many ancient voice, ancient meaning and dialect. In DCCL, they are all simplified, but, they are tried to integrate in polyphone. In short, DCCL is in the path of purity and simplify whatever in the aspect of initial, final sound and tone.Quantity, spelling, pronunciation and order are the content and request in the regularity and standardization in modern Chinese character. Through the arrange systematize and fully, it makes the number of modern Chinese character quantitatively, wring having a certain shapes, pronunciation having a certain voice and makes checking having an order. By comparing the DM and DCCL, although the kinds of syllables both have not large changes, deleting the number of syllables in DM through DCCL and changing the number of pronunciation, voice and another pronunciation, the regularity and integrity of polyphone are all simplified. By simplified, it makes Beijing voice pure and clear. So, we consider that Beijing voice would have a continuous development under the standard of purity and simplified.