The Study Of Personal Pronouns In Zhangjiakou Dialects

The pronoun is an enclosed system which is frequently used in the spoken language. Though the figures are limited,the usage is so complicated that there is much value for study. The research object herein is the personal pronouns of Zhangjiakou dialects. On the basis of the abundant, specific and accurate dialect spoken materials, the author performed careful description and analysis to the personal pronouns of Zhangjiakou dialects from the respects such as pronunciation forms, meanings and usages etc.. Meanwhile, the author made the synchronic comparison. The paper is composed of four parts:The first part is summary. Firstly,the author briefly introduced Zhangjiakou area, Zhangjiakou dialects' attribution as well as (is mainly from the pronunciation aspect) the essential features. Then, the author introduced the concept of pronoun and the basic classification. Finally,the introduction of Chinese dialects pronoun's research situation, including the direction as well as the existing research results and focus which was formerly studied.The second part is the description and analysis of the personal pronouns of Zhangjiakou dialects. The author mainly studied the forms of pronunciation, meanings and usages in order to describe and analyze the personal pronouns in Zhangjiakou 13 counties. Simultaneously,the author compared various personal pronouns in 13 counties. This part is divided into two sections. The first section is the forms of the personal pronouns. We simply introduced the classification of the personal pronouns, and made 2 forms to display the basic situation of the personal pronouns in Zhangjiakou dialects. The second section is the meanings and usages of the personal pronouns. This section is divided into two parts. The first part is the forms and the usages of the sanshen(三身) pronouns. Firstly,the author described and analyzed the forms and the usages of the sanshen pronouns of Zhangjiakou 13 counties in detail, and compared the single forms and concrete usages of the sanshen pronouns in some counties.Then, the author described and analyzed the formation of the plural forms of the sanshen pronouns, the forms of pronunciation as well as some concrete usages. The second part is the description of the non-sanshen(非三身) pronouns' forms and usages. The non-sanshen pronoun mainly includes the reflexive pronoun,the pangcheng(旁称)pronoun, the general designation pronoun and the minute name pronoun. The author primarily described the reflexive pronoun and the pangcheng pronoun. Through the description of the personal pronouns, the author finds that the pronunciation forms and the grammatical meanings of the personal pronouns in Zhangjiakou dialects are rich which have research value in academia.The third part is the comparative study between the personal pronouns of Zhangjiakou dialects and of other dialects. This part is divided into three sections: The first section is the comparison with the personal pronouns of mandarin. The author mainly carried on from the aspects of pronunciation forms and the personal pronouns' concrete usages. The second section is the comparison with the personal pronouns of parts of Shanxi dialects. The author did the study from the usages and forms of the personal pronouns, the plural forms and the usages of the personal pronouns. The third section is the comparison with the personal pronouns of Jin dialect of the Inner Mongolia. Because the material is limited, the research is only restricted between the Zhangjiakou dialects and the Fengzhen dialect which the comparison is brief.The fourth part is the conclusion. The author summarized the characteristics of the personal pronouns in Zhangjiakou dialects and the research significance, and pointed out the problems that had not been totally solved and the research goals in the future.The paper takes the method of description together with synchronic comparison. The author expects she can offer exhaustive materials of Zhangjiakou dialects for the research of the personal pronouns of Chinese and fill in the blank of the research of the personal pronouns of Zhangjiakou dialects. The author also expects that their study can facilitate the whole research on the pronoun of Chinese dialects.