| The study of translation shift attempts to systematically describe and classify the "small linguistic changes occurring in translation of ST to TT" so as to establish the semantic,stylistic,pragmatic,cohesive and aesthetic relationships between them. In this paper,translation shift is more than "small linguistic changes",it "departures from formal correspondence in the process of going from the SL to the TL" and 'the consequence of the translator's effort to establish translation equivalence between two different language systems'.The study and research of translation shift can be traced back to the 1950s. Scholars in the world have got different definitions and classifications.There are mainly three stages during the development of the theory of translation shift,namely the embryonic stage(1950-1959),the evolution stage(1960-1979)and the maturity stage(1980-now).From Catford to Al-Zoubi and Al-Hassnawi,the analysis and models are becoming more and more comprehensive and mature.Based on linguistic theory—transformational grammar by N.Chomsky,the model consists of nine kinds of sub-shifts in terms of micro and macro level,namely,unit shift,structure shift, class shift,system shift,semantic shift,textual shift,pragmatic shift,rhetorical shift and stylistic shift.Beginning with a general introduction to translation shift,this paper aims to use a comprehensive model of translation shift from micro and macro levels to analyze a number of examples extracted from An Outline of the American History as a case study and to prove the assumption the comprehensive model proposed by Al-Zoubi and Al-Hassnawi acceptable in the translation of historical texts.By detailed and comprehensive analysis of different shifts occurred in the case study,such as unit shift,structure shift,class shift,system shift,semantic shift,etc.,the author has proved the ideal model acceptable in translating historical text,which will bring revelations and help translators get a better understanding of translation shift. |
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