Ching's And Japanese Armies Combat Fiercely In Pyongyang During The Sino-Japanese War

The Korean peasant war breakouts in 1894. Corrupt and incompetent Korean ruling class is unable to suppress the intifada. So she has to ask their own metropolitan state , Ching Dynasty to help her. At the same time Japan believes that this is perfect opportunity which she has waited for a long time to send troops to Korea . She has been concerning about Korean and Chinese movements. She knows that very well according to "JeMulPo Treaty" and "Tianjin Treaty " she can protect the embassy and the people as an excuse to send troops, she madkes use of diplomatic means of blackmail to encourage Ching to help Korea and points that she has no other purpose. After Ching government receives Korean documents of asking for troops. She sends troops to Korea to help her. Although Japan isn't invited by Korea government , she disregards opposition of Korean government and she protects the embassy and the people as an excuse to send troops to Korean.After Ching and Japan send troops to Korean, Korean government has achieved agreement with rebels, intifada is over . However Ching's and Japanese troops are still in Korea, especially Japan still sends troops to Korea in succession . Korean governor feels that Japan has evil designs. She thinks that as long as Ching withdraws troops back, Japan will haven't an excuse to stay in Korea. So she ask for Ching government to withdraw troops. Ching promises her to withdraw troops with Japan at the same time. But Japan doesn't agree, while she sends troops to Korea in succession. On withdrawing troops, Ching and Japan negotiates many times, But Japan has may excuses to refuse. July 22th , Japan sends "the first document of breaking with Ching" .In order to achieve her goals, Japan suggests foreign policy that Ching and Japan reform Korea internal affairs together. Through it Japanese troops can still station in Korea and Japan realizes that she can deforce Korea solely. After Ching government refuses her, Japan begins to reform Korean internal affairs solely. Her actions invade Korean internal affairs and dominion. When Li Hongzhang faces Korean critical situation, he doesn't prepare armament actively, but he hopes that western countries can mediate. However he can't see the dark side that in order to persue their interests they collude each other. July 14^th , Japan sends "the second document of breaking with Ching" . When relying on mediation falls through, Li Hongzhang begins armament hurrily. In fact he delays opportunities.July 25^th, Japan takes the lead in attacking Chinese warships at PungDo Island to start Sino-Japanese War. Because of China navy's failure Ching army which stations at Asan is cut off foreign aid and become alone. 29^th, Japanese army offensives Seonghuan, Ching army fails. Since then Japan has cut off the west coast of Ching and Korea completely. She has no tribulation to start Pyongyang Campaign. Because Seonghuan Compaign is the first army campaign, its failure or success affects morale of two armies. That's to say Ching fails Seonghuan campaign that indicate the failure of Pyongyang Campaign. Japanese army are inspired after Seonghuan Campaign, in order to carry out the second policy that she wants to expel Ching army out of Korea and support "Korea independence" , so she decides to besiege Pyongyang. September 15^th, Ching and Japan have a pitched battle. Cambat is divided into three battlefields, the southern band of Doedong River, Noran Peak and Hyunnu Gate, the southwestern of the city and the northern of Daedong River. In Pyongyang pitched battle, Ching army loses Noran Peak and Hyunnu Gate, the other two battlefields results are good, but because of Ye Zhichao;s surrender, Ching army discard what they have achieved and flee. 16^th, Japanese army conquer Pyongyang and seize a huge booty.Ching army failing in Pyongyang pitched battle is due to several reasons. The first , the military establishment, weapons and logistical support drop behind Japanese. The second, the main general is corrupt, incompetent and has capitulationism. Next, Ching army's discipline is corrupt. Generals fight singly and lack of of coordination. Finally, Ching army lacks of information and so on. During these factors, the most foundamental is people's quality which includes policy-making, contingency, the will to fight, operation skills. It needs advanced system to change and protect. Ching army fails in Pyongyang Campaign which affects the whole Sino-Japanese War. Ching army's morale frustrates so that repeats warfare fail. Ching governors on the central start contention about sueing of peam or fighting and get into disordered which has an incalculable negative impact on Sino-Japanese War. After Pyongyang Campaign, Korea falls into Japanese clutches completely and becomes her colony. After Pyongyang Campaign, the northeastern Asia also emerges new changes, Chinese semi-colonial further deepens. Japan enters the queue of western countries. After Japan comepleting her first plan she attacts Cing army into Chinese territory.