Analysis Of Subjectivity

In the process of modernization, the development of the force of subject has made the transformation of the world by human beings achieve a level of peak. Large-scale industrial production, market economy and urbanization allows humans to live in the world created by subject and enjoy the prosperity, comfort, convenience and a sense of rights. In the vision of modernism, the modern subjectivity represents civilization, progress, justice and truth. Human beings completely immerse in the dream of"anthropocentrism". However, with the dynamic development of human's subjectivity, the negative effects have emerged constantly. The concept of subjectivity greatly inflates. Humans consider themselves as the ruler of Nature, and the nature as the subordinate and means to objectives. They no longer wait for peaceful life endowed by Nature as they did in agricultural civilization but to extort with strong and uncontrolled access. Humans fall into the nightmare with shortage of species and resources and environmental degradation. Economic development does not bring people the sense of happiness, but alienates people into slaves of wealth and machine, and makes people away from the liberation of the human spirit. In 1970s, an ideological trend of criticism and subversion of modernism sprang in the western world, which is called post-modernism. Post-modernist views suggest that the highlight globalization is the direct consequences of the hurricane of subjectivity. The post-modernists oppose to anthropocentrism and advocate the deconstruction human subjectivity, to dispel the subject-object dichotomy, and rebuild the relationship between human and nature. The thesis studies from the historical evolution of subjectivity and Marxist philosophy of subjectivity and explores whether the standpoint and point of views on subjectivity in the western developed countries can be adjusted in the study of subjectivity in China. If not, what kind of approach we shall adopt to deal with issues of subjectivity. The right solutions to these issues have great significance on the construction of subjectivity, the building of a modern society, the realization of social transformation, and the implementing of the concept of scientific development. The thesis is composed of three parts:The first part mainly studies the historical evolution of subjectivity ideology. The ideology of subjectivity is one of the main ideas in the history of Western philosophy. Its development is a historical process of evolution. Ancient Greek philosopher Protagoras put forward that"Man is the measure of all things", which foretold the beginning of the ideology of subjectivity. After that, the research of subjectivity by following philosopher never stopped. However, at different times, the concern of philosophical study are different, with this adaptation, the understanding and positioning of subjectivity are also different. In modern western philosophy, due to the arising of a large number of philosophical ideas such as"I think, therefore, I exist","establishing law for nature by man,"and"God is dead", the development of human subjectivity has been unprecedented. However, at the beginning of 1970s, the West launched a strong post-modernist thought of counter subjectivity,"Everybody dies","Deconstruction of subjectivity". They tended to deconstruct the subjectivity, which is at the center of philosophy. Through the study of the ideology of subjectivity and its development, it is easy to recognize that the generation of subjectivity is a historical process, and this historical generation will keep on.The second part studies Marxist thinking on subjectivity. Marxism has established scientific ideology of subjectivity on the basis of practice. It suggests that subjectivity is the initiative, autonomy and self-center presented by human as subjects in the interaction of the objects, and it is a process of historical generation based on practice. This part illustrates from three aspects, the connotation of subjectivity, the restraining factors of subjectivity and the historical generation of subjectivity on the basis of practice, and be convinced of the status of human subjectivity. Any theory or thinking of deconstruction is unfound and the distortion of the understanding of subjectivity and has to be criticized and corrected.The third part studies the development of subjectivity in contemporary China. China, as a developing country, is different from the western developed countries. There are many problems accumulated from the past and will appear in the future. To solve these problems, we must start out from the reality and the national conditions. Therefore, the third part firstly analyzes the current situation of the development of subjectivity and has a deep understanding of our own problems. Through the understanding of the present development of subjectivity in China, it aims to make people realize the necessity of the construction of subjectivity, and that subjectivity should develop to a more scientific, more reasonable, more optimized and more mature direction. This will certainly be conducive to resolve the existing contradictions in our country and achieve the scientific development.In conclusion, the first two decades of the 21st century is an important period of opportunity for China's development. At the same time subjectivity has also proceeded to a new historical stage. How to cognize human subjectivity will directly affect China's reform and opening up, modernization building and implementing of the scientific concept of development. Therefore, the choice of such a research topic is not only of great practical significance, but also has great theoretical significance.