The Comparative Analyses Of The Syntactic And Semantic Features Of "Yizhi" And "Yixiang"

In this paper, the differences in syntactic and semantic features of the temporal adverbs "yixiang" and "yizhi" were compared and analyzed through different scanning patterns, based on the cognitive grammar image and image schema theories. It was particularly proposed that "yixiang" was summary scanning pattern while "yizhi" was sequential scanning pattern. Based on the different ways of cognizing, the differences in the semantic and syntactic features of the two adverbs were shown as follows.(1) From the point of view of semantic features, "yixiang" expressed the past tense, indicated a long-time component when talking about the length of time, and showed static events when using with predicative constituents, "yizhi" was able to express the past, present or future tense, indicated long or short time, and could show static events or dynamic events.(2) Judging from the syntactic features, " yixiang" showed the characteristics of non-processes extrinsic temporal types, while "yizhi" showed either non-processes extrinsic temporal types or processes extrinsic temporal types. When combined with static verbs, both "yixiang+VP" and " yizhi+VP" indicated a long persistence of an certain events or action, the sentence where they located was bounded sentences. When combined with dynamic verbs Vc3, "yixiang+VP " suggested that the action repeated frequently. The sentence where it located was unbounded sentences and expressed a habitual behavior. The sentence where "yixiang2+VP" located showed the persistence of an certain behavior and could be recognized as a bounded sentences. Besides, "yizhi 1+Vc4/Vc5" indicated the habitual behavior of non-reality unbounded events while "yizhi 2+Vc4/Vc5 " showed the persistence of the reality-state action,In the sentences where the adjective was used as predicate, the clause where "yixiang" located usually showed as an assertion and was the focus of the expression, In the other side, the sentence containing "yizhi" usually showed as an before-hand clause, described the development of events and was not the point of expression.In the same predicative constituents, "yixiang" could not exist together with the aspect marker "zhe,le,guo", but it could exist with "guo" through decorating the structure of " mei(you)V guo". "yizhi" could only exist with "zhe" but could not with "le,guo", however it could exist with "le" through decorating the time section,and exist with "guo" through decorating the structure of "mei(you)V guo". "yixiang" could not exist with the pre-aspect marker of "qilai" and "xiaqu". "yizhi" could exist with "xiaqu" but not "qilai", but it could exist with "qilai" through negative form.The "zhe" shown with "yizhi" mainly existed after Vc2, Vc3 and Vc4. The "le" shown with "yizhi" mainly existed after Vc3 and Vc4. The "xiaqu" shown with "yizhi" mainly existed after parts of Vcl, Vc2, Vc3, Vc4 and Vc5.