The Peasants' Political Participation In The Transformation Period

The process of modernization in present China is a creative process of the wholesociety led by the government.It not only intends to change the social structure as wellas the cultural and psychological structure which are the accumulation of more thantwo thousand years' feudal social and cultural traditions,but also to change the powersystem that the high centralization and administration of the Party interfere withvarious realms of society at the beginning of the establishment of the PLA.It aims atdeveloping a new social system which takes the market mechanism as main means todistribute resources and the socialism as the value orientation, and the countrysidebecomes the realistic starting point of this new creative process.There-fore,the degreeof the rural modernization of China has a very important influence on the developmentof the modernization in China.But the influence the system innovation in rural societyexerts on other realms of the whole society denpends on the understanding of thegovernment to its own role and to the transformation of its function. That is to say howthe government adjust its own position and function when dealing with the relationshipbetween modernization and socialism. On the basis of this, the paper investigates thepolitical participation situation of the peasants in China, the mutual relationshipbetween the development of peasant's political participation and of the rural politics inChina and the modernizational process in China as well as the mutual relationshipbetween modernization and the socialist value orientation of china.The peasants in china possess the contradition that they themselves cannotovercome. They have strong psychological tendency of political participation andbenifit-driving but they have little knowlledge about political participation, individuallaissez-faire consciousness and the perfunctory participating behaviour. It is thisunovercomabie contradiction that leads to the complaint about the government'sleadchip and guidance. And the government now is facing the delimma: the socialmodemization requires the division of power and the transfOrlnati()n of funcIion flDmtradition to public managelnent: while the plessure environInent tl1e n1odernization ol1catches up with and surpasses determines the requircmeIlt li)I' autl1oritativc governnlent.Con1pal.ed witI1 the market economic system, the reform of politic system hasfallen behind. Especially after the establishmet of socilist market economic system, theintrinsic deInand of lnarket for modernized government and social structure has becolnethe main motive force of the refOrm of China. So the transfOrmation of thegovernment's role and function has a decisive influence on the development of therural politics in China .Meanwhile, the system innovation eIllerged in the rural refOrmof China is significant to the governlnent's transfOrmation of our country. -This paper consists of four parts: the first part introduccs tllc general theory andwriting method of political participation .Through the comparation of various theoriesof participation and analysis of the features of our country's modernization,the paPerputs forward the theory of political and the ways of system aIlalysis .It changes thewesten theory that takes various conditions and qua1ities of thc participiting body as thevariable of study,and takes the system of our country, the system refOrm aI1d changesas main variable fOr reference combi11ing the reality of our country .At the same time, itdefineces the connotation of "the transfOrmation PCriod" in scicntific theory. Thesecond part is the historical retrospcct and i11vestigation of thc modernizalion in ourcountry. It explains the macroscopic environmcnt of Peasants' political participationhistorically, POints out various historic, cultural and social col1dition that tl1e peasa11tsbear in the coursc of POlitical participatiOI1. T1rough analyzing thc intrinsic contraditionof "out...