A Study On The Development Of Private Guarantee For The Finance Of The Medium And Small Enterprises

Whether in developed or the developing country, the medium and small enterprises are the important part of the national economy, they have more and more important function at creating employment opportunities, promoting the development of the country economy, pushing technique innovation etc.In recent years, the medium and small enterprises of our country experienced fast development, their overall quality and the rate of contribution to national economy continuously increased. But considering their whole condition and the developing trend, we know, the funds of supply cannot satisfy the funds they really need, and the condition will exist over a long period of time. The difficulty of financing will become the bottleneck of restricting the developing of the medium and small enterprises.The problem that the medium and small enterprises is difficult to acquire loan, difficult to get guarantee have external and deep reason. Analysis from the deep reason: (1) funds supply is lack. Our country still has no the specialized financing institution to loan to the medium and small enterprises. In addition, after the commercial bank system reform, Grass-roots bans have no enough right to loan to the medium and small enterprises; Alter practicing asset-debt comparison management, the comparison of saving and loan made from higher class to lower class. The gap of loan supply increased remarkably. (2) The medium and small enterprises have no enough pledge. The bank only approves the real estate as the mortgage such as land, house property...etc. The medium and small enterprises cannot provide enough mortgages to meet the request of bank; The number of the guarantee organization of the medium and small enterprises is little, the scale of the funds for guarantee is small, and the breed of guarantee product is little. (3) The reputation of the medium and small enterprises is low. Analysis from the external reason: (1) The cost of bank to loan is high. The cost of a loan of one million Yuan and ten million Yuan is near, certainly, the bank would like to do the big sum loan but not wish to do the small sum loan. (2) The duty of bank to loan is important. The big part of the medium and small enterprises are not state-owned enterprises, by any chance, the loan has any problem, the credit personnel of bank cannot remember clearly. (3) The ability of the medium and small enterprises themselves is weak. The grade of credit of the medium and small enterprises is usually difficult to attain the standard of bank to Issue the loan, and have no enough eligible assets for mortgage, guarantee of administration type is invalid. The duty consciousness of enterprises is strengthened,they generally would not like to substitute the guarantee to other enterprises.To solute the problem that the medium and small enterprises is difficult to acquire loan and guarantee, 48% of the nations in the whole world have established the system of guarantee for the medium and small enterprises. The Japan, the United States, Germany, Canada established the guarantee organization for the medium and small enterprises in 1937,1951, 1953 and 1960 respectively. Establishing the system of guarantee for the medium and small enterprises became the usual way to support the development of the medium and small enterprises.Different from the circumstance of the abroad and some regions, the reputation guarantee for the medium and small enterprises in our country whether in theories or practice is in the sprout or the beginning creation stage. It mainly exists below problems: (1) The scale is small. Last year, the Committee of National Economic and Trade, the Ministry of Finance, the People Bank cooperated to investigate the guarantee industry of china that already developed 3 years. Currently, expect of Tibet, each province had guarantee companies, total amount have already exceeded 1000. The investigation shows: the capita of 225 guarantee companies investigated add up to 36 hundred Yuan, the average capital is only 33 million Yuan. The number of employee is...