National Resource-niche On America, Japan And China Comparative Research

Scarcity is an important foundation in Economics research. In the age of information and globalization, the gap between the limited resources and the limitless human demands is becoming wider and wider, as brings the whole world into a drastic competition inevitably. Whoever can gain competitive advantages in competition will have solid base and reliable guarantee for their own survival and development. Therefore, economic system at the different levels of individual, enterprises, industries, regions, countries, who may occupy more resources, will gain the competitive advantages and have more opportunities so as to succeed. In order to realize sustainable development, the countries must definitude and cultivate actively the key resource-niche (hereinafter abbreviated as "RN") factors, adjust the development strategy to strengthening and improving the international competitive capacity.This article is composed of three sections. In part I , on the foundation of summarizing previous studying achievements, it draws the line for the conception of national RNs. National RN is that one country is able to utilize, possess and adapt actually or potentially the generalized resources. In part II, according to RN theory, it provides a fundamental analytic framework for national RN. At the same time, it also calculates the comprehensive indexes of national RN on America, Japan and China. The results turn out that Chinese national RN indexes are lower, and that human RN, technology RN and information RN are the first three key RN factors, infrastructure RN is another important factor. In part III, this article qualitatively analyzes the relations between national RN and the economic development lever. On the premise of the advantages and disadvantages of Chinese national RN, this article puts forward several RN countermeasures of sustainable development.On the basis of summarization and comments on previous studying achievements, A few innovative ideas are as follows: First, the article takes a new direction to study RN. Because RN theory is new, now the research on it is mainlyabout enterprises, industries, regions, but nobody ever made research on countries. Second, it calculates the indexes of national RN. How to definite national RN is difficult. National RN has been analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively by using systems analysis and comprehensive estimating method. Third, it establishes a set of indicators in order to calculate national RN, which provides the base of comparatively analyzing the indexes of American, Japanese and Chinese national RN.Because of some questions, for example, national RN is complicated and the information on different countries is not enough, some subjective and objective limitations, etc, as a groping research, this article on national RN is primary, I will further this work in the future.