From The Open Door Notes To Nine-Power Treaty

This paper mainly analyses the evolution of American's Open Door Policy to China from the proposal of Open Door notes in 1899 to Nine-Power Treaty in 1922.The first chapter describes President McKinley's Open Door Policy (1899 - 1901). When the imperialists desire to carve up China, the United States twice issued the Open Door notes in 1899 and in 1900. Based on the development of the domestic situation and international situation, the United States developed two basic principles, the Equal Opportunities and the preservation of China, Which made American's Open Door policy to China formed officially.Chapterâ…¡describes President Roosevelt how to implement the Open Door policy during his reign (1901 - 1909). At this time the struggle around the Open Door started in the Northeast China. Russia and Japan invaded Northeast China positively, and the Open Door policy was under challenge. The United States played a balance between Russia and Japan desiring to maintain the Open Door, but it is difficult to succeed only by relying on diplomatic and moral. The contest between the United States and Japan ended in compromise and concession of the United States. The portal of Northeast in fact turned off to the United States.Chapterâ…¢describes President Taft (1909 - 1913) how to promote the Open Door policy. The Open Door principle was into active practice, and the implementation of Dollar Diplomacy was done to push out the Russo-Japanese forces in northeast China. But for the niche, this was finally ended in failure.Chapterâ…£describes President Wilson (1913-1921) how to support the Open Door when Japan wanted to dominate China. Before and after the First World War, Japan accelerated its invasion pace to China and wanted to dominate China. President Wilson used Idealism to deal with the overall challenge from Japan, but in reality, idealism gave pieces.Chapterâ…¤describes President Harding (1921 - 1922) made the Open Door principle became the international consensus after he came to power. After the First World War, the conflicts between the United States and Japan increased in the Far East of China region. Using international treaties, the president Harding contained Japan from the political, military, economic ail-roundly, which made the Open Door principle was recognized and accepted by The big powers, The Open Door policy reached the peak.