The Research On Jiangxi Rural Experiment In The Republic Of China

During the period between late in the 1920s and early in the 1930s, with the serious strike of the "problems of Agriculture, countryside and peasant," the movement named The Rural Constructive Experiment in Jiangxi. emerged at the historical moment, stimulated by the Communist party' s revolutional actions and influenced by the national rural experiment movement. At that time five rural experiment districts came into being successiveful. They are as the following: ①The WanJia Bu Experiment District in AnYi, established by JiangXi Rural Improving Association in March, 1934;②The PengXi Experiment District in Lin chuan, set up by Zhou Zuo Fu in June 1934, the commissioner of No. 7 Administrative Zone; ③The GaoZhaiZhou Experiment District in LiZhou, set up by JiangXi Christianity Rural Service Federation in Aug. 1934;④The Bai Shexu Experiment District in NanFeng, built by Jiangxi Special Education Department in Nov. 1934; ⑤The ZouMa town Experiment District in Hukou, established by JiangXi Rural Improving Association in Feb. 1935.To some extent, the movement of JiangXi rural experiment was connected well with GuoMinTang authority. With Various purposes, the GuoMinTang sponsored the building of the rural experiment. In politics, they wished to scramble for the country -side with the Communist Party of China. In military, they wanted to assist the action of "Encircling and Suppression" . Besides, the GuoMinTang expected to revitalize the rural economy and instill "the Three People's Principles" into the peasants. From the above, a conclusion was drawn that the experiments were more or less based on the fundamental mode as "Management, Education, Production, Defendence" , even if each had their own focal causes. The Contents in the Management included these points:①The investigation of the total rural population and the registration of rural affairs. ②The training of the peasants at the basis of neighborhood. ③The development of New Life Movement. ④The reformation for the rural customs and the regulation of the looking for the villages. The. focal points in "Education are like: ① To make the peasants literate; ② To teach some practical skills; ③ To improve the rural education; ④ To convey "the Three People's Principles. " The points in Production are followed:①The improving of the agricultural skills; ②The advocation for sideline in countryside; ③Thecooperation; ④ The spread of good varities. In Defendence: ① The organization for self-defendent unit; ②The improving for the public hygienic conditions; ③ Setting up rural Clinics; ④ Preventing the infectious diseases.Just as the national rural experiment, JiangXi rural experiment owned the socialism nature. What' s more, the experiment had more strong political color, because of the direct participation of GuoMinTang. However, it was for the participation of GuoMinTang that JiangXi rural experiment failed to make the countryside rich, as well as prevented villages from being on decline, though the experiment districts took lots of actions and gained some achievements. For many reasons the experiments failed. But the most important reason is that they didn't proceed from the real conditions of the rural area, not for the interests of the peasants. The lesson we learn from the history is that the construction of well-off countryside will meet less troubles as long as we proceed from the interests of the peasants.