Rural Society Under The View Of Changing Earth Institution

The most important problem in China is that of peasants .How they lived yesterday? How about them today? And where they will go tomorrow?we are all puzzled by these questions, If these questions were solved, we can say, The questions of China are solved. Engels said"The modernization of peasants, in a word , is to get rid of the bind of earth ."But we think, there is something more to do , that is to say , The modernization of peasants needs more harmonious social relation among them.Eeath institution determines relation between peasants and earth and also relation between peasant and peasant. So after surveying the changes of earth institution in LangXi county, Anhui Province from Community period to Dangan period to Post Dangan period, We find that rural economy had changed. It was moral economy while it is rational economy now .In Community period, Rural economy was "big and whole "moral economy and village was basic unit of the economy; In Dangan period it was a "small and whole moral economy with family as its basic unit;While in Post-Dangan period, the division of rural labor made rural economy more specialized enlarged and market-oriented. This is the so-called Rational economy ,it goes against moral economy in that it does good to efficiency while it leads to the break down of rural social relation.We think , in rural area, earth institution has gone through Dangan period to Post-Dangan period. During the course , rural economy has been rationalized. Rationalization, in Marx Weber's eyes, is contradictionary in contemporary society , To say objectively ,The expansion of rationalization brought great harm to rural society in China ,the abuse of resources, the pollution of environment, especially, the breakdown of rural social relation and the disappearance of the community society in rural area, These social problems, rationalization should be responsible for .Problem of peasants is to make peasants rich, but to be rich is only a tool .the true goal is to make rural social relation harmonious To be rich is not necessarily tobe unkind , so we think rational economy itself does not lead to the breakdown of rural society , It is the hegemony of ration that makes rural society disappear . so ,as to the rural problems, We make new value orientation for rural development with Rawls' Principles of Justice. Under that orientation ,we make some policies, We hope to make rural area to develop with more justice.As for the policies, at first, we should stick to rational rural economy,but we should make distribution system more reasonable, so can we make rural economy develop with ladder-like pace; Second, to the function of government,its aim to pursue interest should be limited , while its function to public affairs should be enforced, on the other hand , villagers' self -management should function with more efficiency; Third, societies for villagers' free time should be set up in rural area ,Villagers can develop their group spirit through public activities. At last, more educational investment should be given to villagers, we think , through these, rural society can go out of rational economy, and we can see a harmonious rural society before us.