On The Native Factors Of Chinese Modern Higher Educational Institution's Formation

The formation of Chinese modern higher educational institution inherits the past and forges ahead into the future, playing an important part in the history of Chinese higher education. Many people think Chinese modern higher educational institution is an exotica, introduced from the west after Opium War. Eastward permeation of western learning has ever made a profound impact on it. But such thesis only reflects one point, missing the essence of a problem. Although Chinese higher education has the different institution from the west higher education, their spirits have so much in common. An elaboration on the formation of Chinese modern higher educational institution needs to be combined with country's basic condition. Why the western higher educational institution was transplanted into China. Then how many Chinese native factors are there? What roles do they play? From Chinese native point of view, Chinese outstanding traditional culture is the soil on which higher education is cultivated, and moulds the special natures of Chinese higher education. At the end of the nineteenth century, Chinese races were in danger of extinction. The open-minded people and Chinese government tried to reform the old education to save national danger. What was their attitude to the formation of Chinese modern higher educational institution? Chinese school education institution has a long history. What does modern higher education have to do with traditional national school? Solution of these questions can not only make the elaboration on the formation of Chinese modern higher educational institution more comprehensive and more objective, but also reflect the essence of the problem.The article is consisted of six parts:The first part is the introduction which briefly describes the article's background and significance of the study, summarizes general situation about the field , explains the study methods adopted in the paper and gives the explanations on the formation of Chinese modern higher educational institution and native factors. Now there are more than 30 papers and 2 books on the formation of Chinese modern higher educational institution. But nobody studies the native factors specially. My study supplements the former achievement and gives the objective and representative material for the further study. On the base of collecting, analyzing, and summarizing the relative articles, I find out the factors of Chinese modern higher educational institution's formation and focus on the native factors. They are the influence of traditional culture, national wills and the spirits of national school.On the formation of Chinese modern higher educational institution the second part in details analyses the historian conditions: eastward permeation of western learning and developing education for saving the nation. Eastward permeation of western learning is the exter condition, which changed the idea of the older higher education, influenced Chinese modern higher educational institution and reformed the curriculum of higher education and so on. Both Westernization Movement and Weixin Reform wished to reform education for saving the whole country. People who supported Westernization Movement opened many new schools and chose some students to go abroad for further study. And people who were for Weixin Reform thought educational reform was very important to China and put their thoughts into practice. The issue of new education institution was a landmark in Chinese higher education. Setting up educational department meant the formation of the system of Chinese higher educational management.The third part expatiates three particularity : openness and tolerance, attaching importance of education, intelligent people running and serving for a state and they are advantageous conditions. The openness of Chinese traditional culture makes higher education enough broad and merciful to take up the advanced institutional culture from foreign countries. Renyin-Guimou educational institution has nothing to do with Chinese past educational institution, but to do with that of Japan, Europe and USA. High importance which is attached to education becomes the premise of the formation of Chinese modern higher educational institution. It promoted the formation of Chinese modern higher educational institution. Intelligent people running and serving for a state is the actual needs. Chinese outstanding traditional culture moulds the national character of higher education and is the soil on which higher education lives.The fourth part explores the social background of the formation of Chinese modern higher educational institution: Weixin Reform had a result, setting up the Imperial University of Peking. Emperor Guangxu made a strategic decision and organized the Imperial University of Peking. The new number of government added fuel to the flames. These three form a kind of join forces, which hasten the formation of Chinese modern higher educational institution.The fifth part describes the linking between modern higher educational institution and the spirit of national school. National school is one of the most important higher educational institutions. There the teachers and students mainly spread Chinese civilization. They also form the spirit of nation schools. In this part, the spirit of national school, such as civilizing, researching, knowledge-disseminating, and practicing, was embodied in the formation of Chinese modern higher educational.The sixth part concludes the whole paper and offer some suggestions of the future development of Chinese higher education. In order to form Chinese characteristic higher educational system, we should learn something advanced from other countries actively and reasonable, connect the education development with our basic conditions.