A Study On The Civic Education Of The Middle And Primary School In The Early Republic Of China

At the end of the Qing Dynasty,civic education in China to start to make a name after the baptism of political,ideological,and cultural.The civic education has been fully developed in the early Republic of China.Chinese primary and secondary schools' civic education begans when the morality cultivation Curriculum set up in 1902.Morality Cultivation Curriculum replaced by Citizen Curriculum after Ren-Xu system in 1922.The rise of civic education has been carrying too many people's expectations,bringing the national path to the balance beam to seek the unity of rights and obligations.The research of the civic education in primary and secondary school in the early years of the Republic of China will help us gain a better understanding of civic education.It also can help us learn from the past and carry forward our cause into the future.Based on the present materials and with the help of the knowledge of Pedagogy,science and statistics,From different angles,the paper makes comprehensive description and analysis of the primary and secondary schools from the late Qing Dynasty to the early Republic of China so as to achieve a rather all-sided understanding.Following the time order,the paper is cut into three periods:the late Qing Dynasty,from 1912 to 1922,from 1922 to 1927.The paper make a system presented and analysis about the aims of civic education,objectives,content, implementation,teachers and textbooks.There is an objective evaluation about the civic education from the end of the Qing Dynasty to 1927.The Ren-Yin system in 1902 formulated that secondary schools set up Morality Cultivation Curriculum.This rule was implemented when the Gui-Mou system set up in 1903.Morality Cultivation Curriculum received the identity of our community.In 1909,the content of Morality Cultivation Curriculum was turned into Professor of moral justice and national education.At the same time,there has been a number of modern sense of Morality Cultivation textbooks. At the early years of the Republic,with the Western idea of education introducted to China, Morality Cultivation Curriculum kept developed,but the educational objectives,teaching content,teaching methods and textbooks are very different from the late Qing Dynasty.Primary Morality Cultivation Curriculum's education aim was to cultivate national ethics and a professor of life knowledge and skills,the professor of moral thrust and in the righteous cause of the rule of law and civic sense.The secondary schools focus on"End of a national character", the main professor of moral essentials of the country the responsibility of the family and society, ethics and so on.And because of the lack of teachers,the change of basic national conditions and the impact of Western educational thought,the subject of civic education replaced the Morality Cultivation Curriculum after the Wu-Xu system.Primary and secondary schools' objectives,contents and methods of teaching were extremely close on the true meaning of civic education.Besides,this period also increased the idea of patriotism education,only by the impact of traditional culture, moral education is still living in the central position.The civic education in the early Republic of China has its positive side and deficiency.It has an undoubtedly important reference to today's civic education.