The Structure And Measurement Of Perfectionism Of Chinese Athletes' Personality Trait

The main purposes of the research were to develop a tool for the measurement of perfectionism in sports in the background of Chinese culture.Totally 1030 collegiate athletes and professional athletes from an athletic college were tested during the research,including 660 males and 370 females.Developed from an original scale of 89 items,and after three times' modification,the final scale was named the Sport Multi-dimensional Perfectionism Scale for China(MPS-S-C).The 37 items in the scale were divided into 5 dimensions,including "personal standards","repeated thinking match","concern about mistakes", "perceived parents pressure" and "perceived coach pressure".The scale presented good internal consistence,test-retest reliability, content validity,construct validity and concurrent validity during examinations.Result showed that gender and competition level differences were only found in specific dimensions of perfectionism through the method of MANOVA.No interaction was found between different gender and competition level,while main effects existed.Four athletic perfectionism trait clusters were resulted by cluster analysis,namely "Adaptive Perfectionism","Non-perfectionism", "Maladaptive Perfectionism" and "Social-expected Perfectionism". Two significant moderate canonical function pairs were found via Canonical correlation(Rc1=.564;Rc2 =.439).The first one revealed that the CM dimension was highly positively correlated with "somatic anxiety","personal failure anxiety" and "social-expected anxiety" of Trait Competitive Anxiety;while the second function revealed the PS dimension was highly positively associated with "self-confidence" of Trait Competitive Anxiety.According to the results of the research,different dimensions in perfectionism did reflect the trend of striving for perfection among athletes in sports.Perfectionism,as a multi-dimensional construct, could be well measued in the this field.The tool developed in this research is of high validity and efficiency,and could be used in future in China.