The Self-evidence Of The Ability Of "Self" And Social Action Theory

The action abilities of actors are recognized as self-evident presuppositions by contemporary social action theories. However, the action abilities of human being should and could be proved. Because without the abilities which are necessary for social actions, actors would be incompetent or the action would not gain expectant outcomes. Therefore, it's the prerequisite for social actions to research the abilities which are necessary for actors to carry out social actions. It's because the subjective position of human being has been theoretically set up by philosophers'demonstrations through ages that the abilities of self are recognized as self-evident. Moreover, philosophers research the understand ability of subjective human being as a important question in ideography. By philosophers'efforts, the action abilities of human being are treated as self-evident presuppositions by subjects afterwards which consider human being as their research object. These are characteristic in research on self in both psychology and sociology. By theoretically analyzing contemporary social action theories, this article tries to deduce what abilities of human being these theories think are the presuppositions of taking social actions. It's summarized in this paper that to carry out social actions, actors should be equipped three kinds of abilities: understand ability, control ability and harmonizing ability. The content of these three kind of abilities are also revealed in this article. Among these abilities, understand ability is the most important, therefore, this paper use a specified chapter to discuss the understand ability. By revealing the drawbacks of theories of Max Weber, Schultz ,and Habermas on how the actors could understand each other, and absorbing the opinions from Parsons, this article research the understand ability in social systems, and reveal the content of understand ability as followed: first, the actor understands himself; second, the actor understands other actors as well as the different social roles he plays in different social action unit, and the third, the actor understands the more widespread social systems.