Study On The Correlation Between Carotid Body And Its Volume In Patients With Comorbidities By High - Frequency Ultrasonography

PART Ⅰ THE DETECTION OF HUMAN CAROTID BODY IN VITRO BY HIGH-FREQUENCY ULTRASONOGRAPHYObjectives: The purpose of the present study was to explore the feasibility of high-frequency ultrasound for carotid body（）CB detection in vitro condition.Methods: Four initial carotid specimens were excised from adult cadaver. The CB was detected by high-frequency ultrasonography. Subsequently, surrounding tissues were dissected away to reveal the CB. The isolated CB was imaged and compared with previous result. Finally,the CB was removed and performed HE staining.Results: In initial carotid specimen,a slightly hypoechoic structure with oval in longitudinal section and transverse section was imaged by high-frequency ultrasonography. The ultrasonic image of uncovering CB in longitudinal section and transverse section was a slightly hypoechoic structure with oval which was in agreement with that of previous imaging. While compared with the CB histological examination,the slightly hypoechoic structure with oval was CB,the slightly hyperechoic structure around CB was connective tissue.Conclusions: The CB can be seen by using the present high-frequency ultrasonography in vitro condition. This study provided the scientific verification for future clinical trials.PART Ⅱ CAROTID BODY DETECTION WITH HIGH-FREQUENCY ULTRASONOGRAPGY AND ITS VOLUME IN PATIENTS WITH COMORBIDITIES:A CLINICAL INVESTIGATION AND STUDYObjective: The feasibility of carotid body（CB） detection by high-frequency ultrasound has been proved in our previous study. The aim of this study was further to evaluation the relationship between the estimated CB volume and some diseases and risk factors in patients.Methods:The ultrasound scan for the bilateral CB detection and was performed on 1226 consecutive patients in this cross-sectional study. When the CB was identified in longitudinal section or transverse section,maximum longitudinal section or transverse section image were obtained. Orthogonal measurement of CB was performed in maximum longitudinal and transverse section. In longitudinal section image,craniocaudal dimension（A） and anteroposterior dimension（B） were obtained. In transverse section image,transverse dimension（C） and anteroposterior dimension（D） were obtained. Bilateral visible CBs in longitudinal and transverse section of patients were defined as effective cases. Considering the oval shape of the CB,the volume of CB was calculated using the formula 4/3×∏×1/2A×1/2B×1/2C. Total volume of right CB and left CB(V_{（RCB+LCB）})=right CB volume + left CB volume. Finally, the relationship of V_{（RCB+LCB）} and some diseases and risk factors were analyzed.Results : There were 624 patients with both sides of CB in longitudinal section and transverse section detected by ultrasound and included in statistical analysis. Compared to female group,non-smoking group,non-hypertension group,non-chronic heart failure group,non-chronic lung disease group,V_{（RCB+LCB）} was significantly higher in male group,smoking group,hypertension group,chronic heart failure group,chronic lung disease group,respectively. Spearman correlation analysis showed that V_{（RCB+LCB）} was associated positively with age, BMI and IMT significantly（r=0.103,0.173,0.181,P<0.05）. Multiple regression analysis revealed that V_{（RCB+LCB）} was associated with BMI,smoking,hypertension,chronic heart failure and chronic lung disease（b=0.151,0.191,0.107,0.153,0.126,P<0.05）.Conclusions: BMI,smoking,hypertension,chronic heart failure and chronic lung disease are important influencing factors on CB volume.