| Objective To study food variety,nutrients intake, the dietary behaviour and living habits in patients with coronary heart disease(CHD) in Qingdao, and to provide reasonable advice and dietary intervention program.Methods 233 patients with CHD were enrolled in this survey. 24-hour dietary review was used to investigate their dietary intake within 24 hours before the dietary status survey. The Dietary Diversity Score(DDS) was used to assess the dietary diversity levels. The Nutrient Adequacy Ratio(NAR) was applyed to assess the level of dietary nutrient intakes. Their dietary intakes of six months before the onset of gout were analyzed with semi-quantitative food intake frequency method. A questionnaire was designed to investigate CHD patients’ general situation, disease history and living habits.Results Patients with diabetes accounted for 47.5%. 30.2% of CHD patients combined with high blood lipids while 64.5% combined with hypertension. Patients with a BMI greater than or equal to 24 accounted for 75.6%, and 77.7% of the CHD patients’ waist-hip ratio was more than or equal to 0.9. When it comes to living habits and dietary behavior, 76.8% of CHD patients doesn’t take regular exercise. smokers with CHD accounted for 19.3% and drinkers accounted for 25.6%.when comes to the eating habits, 35.5% of the patients addicted to salty foods; 18.2% of the patients often eat fried food while 19.8 % of the patients were keen on dessert; 12.4% of the patients had irregular meals.In the energy and three capacity nutrient intake levels, Median dietary energy intake / RNI in patients with CHD was 1.19, substantially in line with the recommended intake; The median of protein intake / RNI was 1.13. Of 233 patients, 92(39.5%) patients had excessive protein intake; The median carbohydrate intake / RNI was 0.91, substantially in line with the recommended intake, but 76( 32.6%) patients had inadequate intake. Judging from the energy supply conditions of energizing nutrients, 105(45.1%) patients gained high proportion of energy from protein; 72(31.9%) patients obtained with high proportion of energy from fat; 86(36.9%) patients with low proportion of carbohydrates for energy. In Vitamin and mineral intake aspect, The NAR of dietary vitamin A, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, calcium, selenium intake were 0.54,0.79, 0.56, 0.41 and 0.75 respectively while vitamin E, iron intake were 1.80 and 1.48. In the respect of dietary diversification level,the DDS scores of patients with CHD was mean to 6.00 ± 1.19 and the modal number was 6. Their dairy, beans, eggs, fruit consumption rates were 28.3%, 25.8%, 54.9% and 54.9% respectively. After analyzing food frequency table we can see, CHD patients had less cereals food intake, average to 273.4g / day. Daily intake of steamed bread frequencies above once and more accounted to 63.9% and the daily intake was about 99.6g / day. Among the poultry meat, daily intake of pork once or more accounted for 55.7%, the average daily intake was 65.1g; 41.3% of patients had a intake of 1 or more eggs per day, average to 34.8g / day; The average daily intake of dairy were about 117.5g while soy intake was 43.9g / day. the average daily vegetables intake were 247.1g, The intake frequency of melons eggplant vegetables intake were higher than the roots and leafy vegetables. the average daily intake of fruit is 138.6g. The average Oil daily intake was 49.5g / day.Conclusion CHD patients often combined with other metabolic diseases such as hypertension, diabetes and high cholesterol. It’s very common to see they were overweight or obesity. They had some unhealthy habits in diet and living such as smoking, alcohol consumption and lack of exercise. Their energy intake was reasonable but energizing nutrients intake were not reasonable. Their carbohydrate intake level was lower compared to recommended nutrient intake and the ratio of protein and fat were higher.the diet structure was simple with beans, eggs and fruits took a low proportion of daily diet.The nutritional intake of patients with CHD was unbalanced. Moreover, there is a big problem in CHD patients’ food type selection. we found that CHD patients in the survey seldom took whole grains while they eat too much red meat, eggs intake is acceptable but beans, milk, fruits and vegetables were rarely chosen, we also found the excessive oil consumption. |
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