Functional Differentiation And Case Study Of "X"

“X shi(X 时)” is the words that are related to time words. The study about “X shi” is one word for multi-angle investigation mostly, or comparative study about two words that is the same speech, and has no a more systematic and comprehensive exploration. Therefore, on the basis of previous studies, this paper focus on the time words with “X shi”, which is divided three categories: adverbs, noun and adjective about the time, analyzes and compares the case study.In addition to the introduction and conclusion, the article is divided into four parts.The first Part mainly inspects the feature differentiation of the words of“X shi”.Because there are many words in the form of“X shi”,the chapter focuses on the individual to explore the problem of functional differentiation,which is divided into three parts:adverbs of time,noun of time,adjective of time,ect.Adverbs of time is as an example to“dun shi(准时)”,noun of time is as an example to“yi shi(及时)”,adjective of time is as an example to“ji shi”,explore functional differentiation of the process of lexicalization,and according to psychological mode chunk,the role of analogy,generalization and integration semantics,metaphor and metonymy,analyze the motives and mechanisms of the words of lexicalization of“X shi”.The second part study the syntactic and semantic of the time adverb“dun shi(顿时)”and”sha shi(霎时)”.The syntactic part focuses on inspecting their syntactic position,VP components connected,to the choice of negative,as well as describe the co-occurrence analysis and used in conjunction with the case of other adverbs.From the point of view of semantic plane,In addition to the basic dictionary meaning,"dun shi"and"sha shi"also has the nature of short-term,sudden and changes.However,their commonalities exist among personality,"dun shi"has both subjectivity and objectivity,"sha shi"has objectivity.The third part studies the term of"zan shi(暂时)"and"yi shi(一时)".In the choice of adjective,grammatical meaning,discourse connectivity features and presets,"zan shi"and"yi shi"are with some differences,have their own characteristics.The fourth part is from the nature of syntactic,semantic representation,pragmatic value to analysis"ji shi(及时)"and"zhun shi(准时)"."ji shi"and"zhun shi"can be modified by degree"geng"(更)、"hen"(很)and negative adverbs"bu(不)、mei(没)",and can also form a union with other adjective phrase."ji shi"and"zhun shi"can occur with the modal verb,"Ba zi ju"(“把”字句)and"bei zi ju"(“被字句).From the perspective of the semantic features of the two words,"ji shi"is often connected with some verbs that have the meaning of discovery,sudden,thinking and to inform after,however,"zhun shi"has often received the start of the significance of verb after.In stylistic terms,"ji shi"is commonly used in written,with the meaning of suitability,"zhun shi"is spoken mostly in the genre,with the meaning of the point of time.