| Reviewing predecessors’ research results, the standpoint of this paper is the theory of semantic grammar (Bao-jia li 2006) and theory of Chinese topic-comment structure (Qiu Xuemei 2013).The study is to research the structure of children’s daily discourse, which is including the subject-predicate structure, topic-comment structure and the other structure. And then we compare the discourse structure of four and five years old child to explore children’s discourse ability of trajectory and the distribution conditions of children’s discourse structure.We will to introduce the research methods. Firstly, we adopts the corpus-based approach. We only extract child’s discourse from daily conversation to build pure child’s discourse corpus of four and five years old and analyse it. Secondly, by adopting the combination of qualitative and quantitative methods. We follow three principles:balancing "Initial-NP Determinism" and "Center-VP Determinism", balancing "daily perception" and "semantic grammar", combining traditional grammar and topic-comment structure syntactic. And then we put forward new rules:usually, we choose clause as the unit of analysis,but compressed composite sentence whose structure is simple also could be analyze; every sentence is divided in two. And we in combination with Chinese topic-comment structure syntactic and children’s daily discourse to differentiate similar or confusing category. Then we summary four features from children’s discourse structure: repetition, ellipsis, passive tone and children’s unique anthropomorphic perspective .According to the example of children’s discourse corpus we classify them and then according to its internal semantic characteristics put forward the corresponding treatment.We got the discourse structure statistical results. There are 12170 subject-predicate sentences and 12716 topic-comment sentences and 6943 other structural sentences in the corpus of four years old. The total quantity is 31892. There are 7778 subject-predicate sentences and 8440 topic-comment sentences and 4637 other structural sentences in the corpus of four years old. The total quantity is 20855. Finally, we use the method of antitheses, comparing with the results of the discourse structure statistical result. The percentage of three structures in four and five years old discourse corpus is following: topic-comment sentences is 40.2%, subject-predicate sentences is 37.75%, other structure sentences is 22.05%.According to the statistical results we analyse the children’s discourse distribution conditions. Topic-comment sentences is slightly more than the subject-predicate sentences. The advantage is not obvious. The other structural sentences is third, but the rate is not low. In the structure interior, a few types enjoys an absolute advantage in data. But the rest a large number types are the low rate. Compared five to four years old child discourse structure, it presents that the advantages categories is weaken, the disadvantages categories is growth.Three different types of children’s corpus is the relayed story, his compiled story and mother-child conversation. The repetition is the using of high frequency words, the repetition of the sentences and, the repetition of the stories. In pre-operation stage, children has their cognitive development. The above-mentioned three factors are devoted to the formation of children’s discourse structure unique distribution features and make it different from written discourse and adults discourse structure.Theory value of this study was to gain more about topic research and open up the new ideas of children’s discourse studies. The application value was to provide some data for establishing the normal acquisition standard in the children’s discourse and accumulate the new data about the language information processing and the corpus study. |
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