A Study Of Fu In The Middle Qing Dynasty

Fu note, which is similar to poem note and Ci note, is a kind of criticisms of Fuliterature．Its form is a combination of notes and comments．Not only does it recordthe author’s life，historical materials，and anecdotes of fu，but it commentes on thehistory of the fu，the famous quotes and the writing skills．The formation and development of Fu note had been a long and drawn－out time，which was from the Han Dynasties to the end of Qing Dynasty．In the long processof the development，Fu notes of the middle of Qing Dynasty(the years of Qian Long,Jia Qing and Dao Guang) have very important historical value. The first part of thispaper’s preface briefly described Fu note’s two theoretical significance of thedevelopment history of Fu, which was in the middle Qing Dynasty. The first is that ithas changed the former situation of Fu literature’s criticisms, and formed a newsituation. Secondly, it makes the object of Fu note in the middle of Qing Dynastyfrom the ancient Fu to Fu with rules and forms of tonal pattern. These two theoreticalpoints are the starting points of this article research. The main content of this articledepends on these theoretical points. The second part of this paper’s prefacediscusses the current research of the Fu notes in the middle of Qing Dynasty, andlists the advantages and disadvantages of these research, which pave a way for theresearch direction and the problems which should be paid attention to.Fu note has begun to sprout in the Han Dynasties. After that，Fu note developedwith other literary theory，and constantly developed in this way, but hasve not formedtheir own independent form of criticism．Fu note in the middle of Qing Dynasty haschanged this situation. It no longer stuck to other literary theory, and it became theindependent form in literary criticism. That was because of the influence of theofficial ideology and the various trends of thoughts. The first chapter of this paper willfirstly start from the historical background to investigating the positive influence，which was from Ming and Qing Dynasties’ distinct thoughts of literary style，lawconsciousness in the Qing Dynasty official and Pu-learning of Qian-Jia，on the formation of the mid Qing Fu note.The purpose is to distinguish the historicalinevitability of the middle QingFu note’s production，and to analyze the developmentand evolution of the mid Qing Fu notes,which were in Qian Long, Jia Qing, DaoGuang period.The mid Qing Fu note has discussed all aspects of the Fu with rules and forms oftonal pattern. As a result, it formed a relatively completed system of Fucriticism．Although the every of the mid Qing Fu notes has its own characteristics，and the discussions of the content are not the same，they have relatively similar viewson Fu’s origin and development，art styles and writing principles．The secondchapter of this paper will analyze the texts of the mid Qing Fu note，and combine therelated discussion of the above problems，so as to clarify the common theoreticaltendency of the mid Qing Fu notes. For the rheological problem of Fu, the mid QingFu notes mostly argue that Fu is a form of poetry，and Fu comes from Pian Fu．For theFu＇s style，the mid Qing Fu notes mostly recognize the elegant style，but also enjoythe magnificent and natural style．For the writing of Fu，the mid Qing Fu notes notonly emphasize the importance of innovation and emotion，but also put forwardrequirements for the writer. For instance, in order to lay a solid foundation for thewriting of Fu, they advocate the writers to study extensively and improve their moral．Historically，Fu note has existed with poem note. Poem note imposed importantimpacts on the Fu note’s criticism mode. The Fu note of mid Qing period was also noexception．The Qing Dynasty emperor took Fu literature very serious ly，and selectedtalents based on the examinations of Fu literature，which also imposed importantimpacts on the mid Qing Fu note’s critics object．In order to clarify the criticismcharacteristics of the Fu note in mid Qing period, the third chapter of this paper willexamine the Fu note of mid Qing period from two aspects including poetry and agefactors．The criticism characteristics include not only the way of criticism but also theobject of criticism．The way of criticism is using poetry to comment Fu, and the objectof criticism is pay great attention to Fu with rules and forms of tonal pattern，especially the Fu with rules and forms of tonal pattern of Tang Dynasty．The mid Qing Fu note is the most prosperous among the Fu notes in the Qing dynasty. In this paper, the fourth chapter in the first quarter will illustrate theadvantages and historical influence and value of the mid Qing Fu notes by comparingwith the Fu notes in earlier and later Qing Dynasty. The mid Qing Fu note has thebetter scale and system. Moreover, it is more comprehensive and in-depth on thetheory of Fu. Not only did it promote the prosperity of the ancient fu theory, but itoffered great help to scholars and learners at that time and later. Although the midQing Dynasty Fu note has many advantages and contributions, but it also has certainlimitations, such as copying others views. These deficiencies are discussed in thesecond quarter of the fourth chapter.The epilogue part summarizes the mid Qing Fu note. It illustrates the influences ofpolitics and poem note on the mid Qing Fu note. The mid Qing Fu note also hasinfluence on politics and poem note. The mid Qing Fu note has promoted theassignment of the classical theory of Fu and herald the end of it. As a result, it has greatexplanation space and research value.