| By choosing terrain, land cover, climate and water condition as the evaluation factors, used GIS as the main technology platform, to 250m×250m grid as the basic unit, used moving window,based on the human settlements environment index(HEI) model and evaluated the natural environment suitability of human settlements in Chongqing. To get raster data which grid cell size is 250m×250m by resampling the 1:50000 DEM of Chongqing. Used the resampling DEM data and the spatial analysis module of Arc GIS 10.1 to calculate the average terrain complexity in order to build the terrain suitability model. Used the GIS technology and chosen the monthly mean temperature data in 34 weather stations of Chongqing from 2000 to 2010 by Kriging interpolation and the spatial visual technology of Arc GIS to build the climate suitability space model in the study area. And combined the monthly mean precipitation data in 34 weather stations of Chongqing from 2000 to 2010 with the hydrological conditions of Chongqing to build the hydrological index model. Combined the vegetation characteristics with the land type of Chongqing,and solicited opinions from the experts to obtain the weight of each land type of Chongqing. Thinking of the denotative meaning stability of NDVI, chosen the maximum of 11 years of average as the NDVI value of the grid, used the GIS spatial statistical analysis module to calculate the maximum of the ten-day NDVI raster data from 2000 to 2010 year after year. And then used the GIS spatial visual technology to build the soil suitability space model. Built the residential environment of natural suitability model based on the 4 single factor index systems, and evaluated the natural human environment suitability of Chongqing. By adopting the method of natural breaks(jenks) to divide the sequence of the sample values into five grades, analyst and researched the characteristics of temporal changes of each level regional population based on the county’s population statistics of Chongqing from 2004 to 2013. Built the characteristics of population evolution model. Researched the population spatial distribution pattern of Chongqing based on the natural human environment suitability. Analyst the correlation of each single factor and the habitat suitability of nature and the population spatial pattern.The results of each single factor index system shows that:The index of terrain suitability between 0.3 to 1, the area of higher terrain suitability mainly spreading in the west and central of Chongqing, the area of lower terrain suitability distributed in the mountain region, such as Wulong county and Shizhu county which belong to the ecological protection zone of the southeast of Chongqing, Chengkou county and Wuxi county which belong to the ecological conservation development of the northeast of Chongqing. And also distributed in the Nanchuan district of city development zone. The index of climate suitability between 0.2 to 0.9, the most comfortable area of climate conditions mainly distribute in the east and central of Chongqing, the most unfavorable regional of climate conditions mainly distributed in Chengkou county and Youyang county. The index of hydrological suitability between 0.03 to 0.8, the hydrological suitability of the ecological conservation development of the northeast of Chongqing and the ecological protection zone of the southeast of Chongqing are better than the central of the city and the area of new urban development. The index of soil suitability between 0 to 1, and the better soil suitability area concentrated distributed in the east of Chongqing, the west of Chongqing and few districts and counties in the ecological conservation development of the northeast of Chongqing. And the worse soil suitability area mainly distribute in the ecological conservation development of the northeast of Chongqing and the ecological protection zone of the southeast of Chongqing.The results of the evaluation of the natural human environment suitability shows that:The index of the nature suitability for human settlement is between 0.25 to 0.83. The appropriate area mainly distributed in the central and the east of Chongqing, and partly districts and counties in the ecological conservation development of the northeast of Chongqing. The nature environment suitability of the ecological protection zone of the southeast of Chongqing and partly districts and counties in the ecological conservation development of the northeast of Chongqing are relatively poor. As a whole, the nature suitability for human settlement of Chongqing presented the trend of rising from the northeast of Chongqing and the ecological protection zone of the southeast of Chongqing toward the city development zone.The analysis results of population spatial and temporal distribution shows that:Affected by the terrain, the population differentiation presents rather significant. And the population density of Chongqing presents the trend of decline from the central and the east of Chongqing to the northeast and the southwest of Chongqing. The population density of city development zone of Chongqing and the urban functional areas are obviously greater than the population density of the ecological conservation development of the northeast of Chongqing and the ecological protection zone of the southeast of Chongqing. And the population density of the ecological conservation development of the northeast of Chongqing is greater than the population density of the ecological protection zone of the southeast of Chongqing. The maximum population density mainly focus on the median areas of the natural suitability, and the population density of the top and bottom areas of the natural suitability are all relatively few. Terrain is the main factor to control the distribution of population in Chongqing, the overall trend is that the population density of parallel valley is high and the mountain area is low.The population of the highly and moderate suitable area of Chongqing present the trend of rising obviously and the population of the low suitable, critical suitable and the unsuitable area of Chongqing present the trend of decline from 2004 to 2013. The highly suitable of Chongqing concentration distribute in the urban functional areas and city development zone. The moderate suitable of Chongqing mainly distribute in the city development zone and the ecological conservation development of the northeast of Chongqing, less parts distribute in the urban development zone. The low suitable areas concentration distribute in the ecological conservation development of the northeast of Chongqing and the ecological protection zone of the southeast of Chongqing, and a little parts distribute in the city development zone. The critical suitable areas mainly distribute in the ecological conservation development of the northeast of Chongqing and the ecological protection zone of the southeast of Chongqing. And the unsuitable areas are all distribute in Chengkou county where belong to the ecological conservation development of the northeast of Chongqing.The distribution area of nature suitability for human settlement in Chongqing is relatively equilibrium, the distribution of population is relatively concentrated and in the direction of unbalanced development.The center gravity of population in Chongqing located in Jiangbei district where belong to the urban functional areas, the center gravity of the nature suitability for human settlement, the center gravity of the terrain suitability, the center gravity of soil suitability and the center gravity of climate suitability are all located in the Changshou district where belong to the ecological conservation development of the northeast of Chongqing. The center gravity of hydrological suitability located in Fengdu county where belong to the ecological conservation development of the northeast of Chongqing. The offset distance among the center gravity of population density and the center gravity of the nature suitability for human settlement and its related factors’ center gravity from small to large followed by climate, soil, topography, human settlements environment, hydrology.The distribution of population migration growth of Chongqing present irregular. The positive growth of population mainly distribute in the central of Chongqing, the negative growth of population mainly distribute in the ecological conservation development of the northeast of Chongqing and the ecological protection zone of the southeast of Chongqing and partly areas of the west of Chongqing. The population of most counties present negative growth. The higher the natural human environmental suitability, the faster the population growth, conversely the more slowly. |
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