| The living coccolithophore (LC) is an important class of calcified taxa of phytoplankton functional groups, but it is also a major source of marine biogenic inorganic carbon. Researching on the diversity and distribution characters of coccolithophores plays significant role for carbon cycle research in the China Sea and of great significance to predict the future with global climate change due to the specific physiological ecology characters in producing calcified shells which have strong effects on marine biogeochemistry cycle and global climate change.Two parts can be divided on it:the first part is combined with Chinese species of sea life coccolithophores common species list to identify and classify the LCs sampled in CS by the scanning electron microscopy (SEM); the second part is to study the distribution characters of LCs from the species composition, cell abundance and relatively ecological behavior by Polarized Microscope. We hope the contents above can send the information to us about the species diversity and distribution in CS and provide the fundamental data for the role in Global Carbon Cycle and the ocean acidification and for the responsible mechanism to the Global Change of LCs.In this study, we report the four-demensional abundance, composition of LC and its correlation with the environmental parameters in the winter of2011, the spring, summer, and autumn in2012, in order to understand the ecological role of living coccolithophores in the Yellow Sea and the Bohai Sea.In winter,138samples from different depth were collected from45stations. Totally11taxa belonging to coccolithophyceae were identified using a polarized microscope at the1000x magnification. The dominated species were Gephyrocapsa oceanica, Emiliania huxleyi, Helicosphaera carteri, Oolithotus fragilis, and Calcidiscus leptoporus. The abundance of cells and coccoliths ranged0-1.32cells/ml, and1.76-85.11coccoliths/mL, with the average values of0.24cells/ml, and21.74coccoliths/ml, respectively. The abundance of LCs in the Yellow Sea was significantly greater than that of the bohai sea, for the coccoliths, Emiliania huxleyi and Gephyrocapsa oceanica was largely the same was the dominant species, the high value area occurred mainly in the area of investigation in the central area, the distribution of LCs were particle similar to the coccoliths.In spring,205samples from different depth were collected from65stations. Totally9taxa belonging to coccolithophyceae were identified using a polarized microscope at the1000x magnification. The dominated species were Emiliania huxleyi, Gephyrocapsa oceanica, Helicosphaera carteri, and Calcidiscus leptoporus. The abundance of cells and coccoliths ranged0-7.72cells/ml, and0-216.09coccoliths/mL, with the average values of 0.21cells/ml, and11.36coccoliths/ml, respectively. The Emiliania huxleyi distribution was similar to the Gephyrocapsa oceanica. The highest abundance of coccoliths was founded in the Qingdao east of the Southern Yellow sea and the east of Shandong Peninsula in northern Yellow Sea. While Helicosphaera carteri distributed more widely. The Emiliania huxleyi and the Gephyrocapsa oceanica are the two dominant species in LCs and they had high value in LCs cluster. The distribution of LCs was similar to the coccoliths.In summer,99samples from different depth were collected from32stations. Totally8taxa belonging to coccolithophyceae were identified using a polarized microscope at the1000x magnification. The dominated species were Emiliania huxleyi, Gephyrocapsa oceanica, Helicosphaera carteri, and Oolithotus fragilis. The abundance of cells and coccoliths ranged0-0.08cells/ml, and1.54-33.08coccoliths/mL, with the average values of0.16cells/ml, and9.86coccoliths/ml, respectively. High values of coccoliths abundance zone mainly occurred in the survey area in Laizhou Bay and the central survey area in northern Yellow Sea. The high value generally appear in the middle and the bottom layer of water survey stations. Aspects of LCs, the abundance distribution is more widely used, high value areas to concentrate in the Bohai Bay, Laizhou Bay and several survey stations in the north central Yellow Sea, the high-value of LCs abundance also focused on the distribution of water in the lower layers.In autumn,201samples from different depth were collected from67stations. Totally14taxa belonging to coccolithophyceae were identified using a polarized microscope at the1000x magnification. The dominated species were Emiliania huxleyi, Gephyrocapsa oceanica, Helicosphaera carteri, Calcidiscus leptoporus, and Oolithotus fragilis. The abundance of cells and coccoliths ranged0-24.69cells/ml, and0-507.15coccoliths/mL, with the average values of1.47cells/ml, and55.89coccoliths/ml, respectively. The highest abundance of coccoliths was founded in southern Yellow Sea. The Emiliania huxleyi distribution is similar to the Gephyrocapsa oceanica. The highest abundance of coccoliths was located in Qingdao coastal waters and waters south of the survey area. While other species coccoliths does not appear obvious high value area. The distribution of LCs is similar to the coccoliths.In four seasons, the dominant species are Emiliania huxleyi and Gephyrocapsa oceanica, LCs abundance in the Yellow Sea was significantly higher than that in the Bohai Sea. In winter, the high value zone mainly concentrated in the South Yellow Sea area of investigation in the east side of Shandong Peninsula. In spring, the growth of high value area in the east of Shandong peninsula north of the Yellow Sea area. In summer, growth of high value areas are mainly concentrated in the survey area of Laizhou Bay and north central of the Yellow Sea area. While, in autumn, growth of high value area in the south side of Qingdao coastal waters. In the four seasons, the abundance of LCs in summer is minimum, LCs growth most prosperous in autumn. By the four cruises investigation area LCs distribution combined with CCA analysis, in China Yellow Sea and Bohai sea, distribution of community LCs primarily associated with the distribution of nutrients. |
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