Community Structure And Biodiversity Of Hymenopterous Chalcidoids In Maoershan Region

The community structure of hymenopterous chalcidoid insects of Maoershan region, Heilongjiang Provice, was investigated during 2013 to 2014, by the methord of sweeping, yellow pan trapping and Malaise trapping. Meanwhile, the dynamic regulations of the diversity (Shannon-wiener index, Margalef index, Pielou index, Simpson index, Whittaker index and Jaccard similarity index) along with the changes of season, elevation and habitat were alse analyzed and discussed. The main results are as follows.1. In total,128 chalcidoid species belonging to 12 families and 59 genera were collected, including one new species and four new record species of genus Ooctonus, Mymaridae, providing with detailed descriptions, diagnoses, morphological characters, hosts, distributions, and photographs of adults.2. Mymaridae is a dominant category among the superfamily Chalcidoidea in Maoershan region, while Chalcididae, Eupelmidae, Perilampidae, Signiphoridae and Torymidae are rare categories of with a few individuals. In the view of hosts range, egg parasitoid wasps take up absolute superiority; parasitoids of larva and pupa are the secondly abundant category; the parasitoids of whitefly, hyperparasitoids and phytophagous species are very rare. Among the family Mymaridae, Anaphes sp.2, Anagrus nilaparvatae, Gonatocerus sp.2, and Anaphes sp.l are the dominant species; Acmopolynema sp., Anagrus sp.6, Arescon sp., Cleruchus petr, Dicopomorpha sp., Erythmelus sp.3, Erythmelus sp.4, Ooctonus orientalis, Ooctonus vulgatus, Ooctonus sublaevis and Polynema sp.6 are rare species in Maoershan region. In the view of generic level, the most abundant genera in descending order by species number are Anagrus, Polynema, Erythmelus and Ooctonus; the most abundant genera in descending order by individial number are Anaphes, Anagrus, and Gonatocerus.3. The diversity of chalcidoids in Maoershan region varies significantly along with time gradient, but there is a little difference between different methords of collection. The variation of diversity of chalcidoids along with altitudinal gradient is not conspicuous in Maoershan region, and the diversity was greatly affected by the enviorenmental factors due to the small elevation drop of the main peak. The diversity of chalcidoids varies evidently along with habitat gradient, and the variation completly reflected the changes of plant and host insect community structures in different habitats.4. The Whittaker indices in Maoershan Region show that the change rate of chalcidoids is highest along with time gradient, then along with habitat gradient, and lowest along with altitudinal gradient. The similarities of chalcidoids communities in six habitats are comparatively lower.