Study On The Change Of Vegetation Cover And Its Drivers In Shanxi Mining Area Based On Remote Sensing And GIS

The fractional vegetation cover is an important index of ecological environment change and its change was mainly affected by climate change and human activities, the influence of human activities on vegetation can’t be ignored along with the intensification of human economic activities in mining areas; In recent years, the ecological environment destruction caused by disordered exploitation in mining areas has become more and more serious, therefore, studying the driving mechanism of fractional vegetation cover change has important significance in revealing the reason of ecological environment deterioration in mining areas. In this paper, we take Shanxi province as the studying area, based on the 250 meters resolution MOD13Q1 NDVI products and the meteorological observation data (including precipitation, average temperature, sunshine duration, minimum temperature, maximum temperature, minimum relative humidity, average relative humidity) during 2001 to 2014. According to the mining area partition data of the 12th five-year plan in mineral resources in Shanxi province, the spatial and temporal variation of the fractional vegetation coverage in Shanxi province, mining areas and no mining areas was analyzed with the method of GIS spatial analysis, Mann-Kendall spatial trend analysis and EOF analysis, and utilizing the improved regression residual analysis and detrended fluctuation regression residual analysis the meteorological elements and human activities contribution on the fractional vegetation change in Shanxi mining areas, providing reference for the identification of the influencing factors of the fractional vegetation coverage variation. The main conclusions were as follows:(1) The annual average fractional vegetation cover in Shanxi province was fluctuated from 34.75% to 43.96% during 2001 to 2014, and the fractional vegetation cover presented an increasing trend in all. Under the confidence level of 90%, the significantly increased regional area of fractional vegetation cover accounting for 68.39% of the total area of Shanxi Province, and no significant change area was 28.11%, while the significant decrease was 3.50%.(2) The fractional vegetation cover of the four main mining area in Shanxi Province during 2001 to 2014 from big to small was copper mine, bauxite, coal and iron ore district. The tendency rate of fractional vegetation cover from big to small coal was mining area (5.85/10 a), bauxite mining area (4.85/10 a), the iron ore district (4.28/10a) and copper (3.87/10 a), the overall trend was 5.65/10a. Spatially, the average fractional vegetation cover of Shanxi mining areas was 41.40% of coal mine, iron ore district 40.38%, and copper ore district 53.89% and bauxite mining 47.24%. The significantly increased area of the fractional vegetation cover of mining areas accounted for 71.2% of the total mining area, no significant changes 25.62, and significantly decreased accounts for 3.18%. The significantly increased area of the vegetation cover of mining areas accounted for the total mining area was coal mine area 72.58%,63.81% of iron ore district, copper ore district 50.13%, bauxite zone 65.79% respectively.(3) The main driving factors of fractional vegetation coverage change in Shanxi mining area from 2001 to 2014 were human activities. In the case of no interference of human activities, the fractional vegetation cover in the east of mining area is decreased, and the fractional vegetation cover in the west of the mining area on the upward trend, the contribution of human activity that plays a leading role in the region accounted for 89.50% of total area of the mining area. The contribution rate of human activities to the change of fractional vegetation cover in the mining area was 87.43% by the improved regression residual analysis method, which was mainly caused by frequent mining activities and constant afforestation in the mining area of Shanxi province, and the affection of meteorological factors was relatively weak (12.57%), and the influence area of the meteorological factors were mainly distributed in the area of high fractional vegetation cover or the presence of rare forest areas.(4) By means of the improved detrended fluctuation residual analysis method, the change of fractional vegetation cover in the independent climatic conditions was simulated, the results showed that the fractional vegetation cover in the western area of the mining area increased, and the eastern area showed a downward trend. Compared to the variation of the fractional vegetation cover simulated by the improved residual analysis method, Overall trends are basically identical; however in some areas there are some differences, which was mainly the effect of removing the collinear trend effect of meteorological factors and human activities.(5) Compared to the improved residual analysis method, the recognition ability of human activities by the improved detrended fluctuation residual analysis method much stronger, make up for the improved the residuals of the regression analysis methods in underestimating human activity contribution rate and overestimating the contribution rate of meteorological elements...