Analysis Of Highway Traffic Safety Based On GPS

Road traffic accidents have become one of the global security issues, which has aroused serious concern in the whole society. And how to quickly and accurately obtain the information of the accident points, to master the characteristics of highway sections, to prevent the "secondary-accident" is a hot spot in the field of traffic safety. With the development and improvement of GPS technology, especially the high-rate GPS, whether it is in the location of traffic accidents or the acquisition of information of the road, it has reflected the greater advantages and broader prospects for application. Therefore, this paper will focus on the spatial data with the high-rate GPS, to study the accident prone sections and the road environment. The research mainly includes the following aspects:1) The accidents data acquisition and calculation. The paper introduces the basic theory and methods of GPS positioning. Bases on the data of Binzhou-Laiwu highway traffic accidents information in Zibo, the paper using kinematic high-rate GPS for spatial data collection, and using GAMIT software and track module for processing and calculating the data, which will obtain higher precision results, and the results completely satisfied the requirements of highway surveying.2) Identification of accident prone sections. Based on the data of the road which collected by the kinematic high-rate GPS, the paper using hierarchical clustering and Fuzzy C-Means(FCM) clustering algorithm to conduct spatial clustering analysis, and combining with the clustering results and accidents data and the accident frequency method to determine the critical value of the accidents prone sections, thereby determine all accidents prone sections, and carring on analyzing to the causes of the accidents.3) The research of the relationship between road environment and accidents. Based on the information of identification of accidents prone sections and the road environment psychology theory, the paper using expert scoring method(Delphi) to study the relationship between environment and road accidents. By analyzing the impacts of road alignment condition, the central isolation belt, road intersections and traffic signs and marks on the accidents, proved the role of road environment in the traffic safety.Based on the analysis of the spatial data and attribute data of the accidents, the paper identified the accidents prone sections, and focused on the effect of road alignment and road landscape on the accidents through the kinematic high-rate GPS data of the highway. The results of the study could provide suggestions for the traffic control department and decision-making for emergency rescue, and provide some useful information for the Highway Design Department in designing alignment and landscape of the road. This work have a great significance to reduce the number of accidents, and to improve the level of road traffic safety, and even to establish a corresponding warning mechanism.