Research On Optimal Placement Of Water Quality Monitors And Methods Of Water Quality Assessment Of Town’s Surface Water

In recent years, natural environment are under severe situation in many domestic towns, especially the pollution of rural surface water, which directly threats the health of the residents. However, the monitor and evaluation of water quality of rural surface is infancy, there are no scientific and effective systems aiming at protecting the quality of rural surface water. To protect the water quality of rural surface water, this paper investigated the water quality monitor and evaluation system, and then applyed the method to typical case.Firstly, combined with the practical situation of villages, this paper selected several key water quality indicators which needed more attention in the monitor, and then deployed sampling points with the grid points method, the methods of water sample collection and water quality analysis were also explained here.Secondly, on the foundation of the water quality indexes data, this paper putted forward a new method to optimize arrangement of water quality monitor, which was called matter element analysis-hierarchical clustering method. And then, sample points optimized were selected as the monitor points. Moreover, by means of SPSS version19.0, we applied this method to the optimized placement of the water quality sample points in rural lakes. As a result,7optimized water quality monitor points were obtained from the former13sample points, which could monitor the whole water quality situation of this lake.Thirdly, principal component analysis method was chosen to evaluate the water quality of rural surface water, and identify the water quality level of this lake mentioned above as class Ⅲ and Ⅳ in different regions.Lastly, all the methods elaborated before were applied to a landscape river in the small town, Qiaokou, Wangcheng, Changsha. Hunan province, as a demonstration. Finally,3optimized water quality monitor points were picked out.Through the analysis, the water quality level of this landscape river was mainly judged as class Ⅲ.The practice indicated that the methods mentioned in this paper were well suit for the features of the rural surface water environment. It could reflect the real status of water quality of surface water correctly, and provid scientific guidance to improve rural surface water environment.