| Sapindus mukorossi is a kind of bioenergy tree which is widely used, especially thecomprehensive utilization of it’s pericarps and seeds is very profitable. However, becauseof different origins, Sapindus mukorossi from different provenances are different fromeach other in growth and reproduction. It can also change their own genetic characteristicsand affect the seed and seed oil qualities. In this paper, Sapindus mulorossi Gaertn seedscollected from five different provenances in Jiangxi province were experimental materialsand seed morphological characters, saponin content, oil content in kernel, physical andchemical properties, fatty acid composition and relative content of seed oil were studied.What’s more, the author studied the preparation of activated carbon by Sapindus mulorossishell and its adsorption of methylthionine chloride was investigated. At last, biodieselpreparation using Sapindus mulorossi Gaertn seeds oil and influences by composite solidbase catalyst made up of Sapindus mulorossi shell activated carbon loaded with KOH wasstudied and biodiesel indexes was detected too. The main research results are showed asfollows:(1) It has been studied that Sapindus mulorossi Gaertn seed oil was extracted through twodifferent solvents-propylalcohol and petroleum ether(60～90℃).The results showed thatwith propylalcohol used as solvent, the optimum conditions of oil: propylalcohol volumeand seed mass ratio of5:1, reaction time2h, reaction temperature70℃, yield40.91%;when petroleum ether used as solvent, petroleum ether volume and seed mass ratio of5:1,reaction time2h, reaction temperature70℃, yield42.0%, which indicates that petroleumether is better for Sapindus mulorossi Gaertn seed oil extraction.(2)Characters of Sapindus mulorossi Gaertn seeds collected from five differentprovenances were compared and the results were as follows:①There were significant differences in1000-grain weight, length and width of seedsamong five provenances; seeds from Guixi had the biggest shape and seed length to widthratio closed to1, which were rounded and spherical.②The oil yield of seeds from Guixi was the highest, with its fruit oil yield reached4.28%and seed oil yield reached44.00%.It predicted that natural conditions in Guixi weremore conducive to Sapindus mulorossi Gaertn’s growth and development. Along withhigher elevation and average tempreture, more annual average sunshine and annualprecipitation, Sapindus mulorossi Gaertn seed will grow more better, more plump andheavier.③Saponins content in Nanchang and Jiujiang Sapindus mulorossi Gaertn seeds were4.22%and4.08%, which were both over4%and both higher than others’.④Ten fatty acids were detected by the Gas chromatography from the seeds oil of Sapindus mulorossi Gaertn including palmitoleic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, linolenicacid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, arachidic acid, eicosenoic acid, docosanoic acidandsinapinic acid, in which the total relative content of unsaturated fatty acids was up to80.08～87.16%.Because of the special effects of unsaturated fatty acids, Sapindusmulorossi Gaertn seed oil not only can be used as biodiesel feedstock for promotion, butalso can be used as a kind of special vegetable oil to be developed. And its acid value,Iodine value, saponification value and other physical and chemical properties meetbiodiesel standards made by European and American countries.(3) Preparation of activated carbon made from Sapindus mulorossi shell and its adsorptionof methylthionine chloride was investigated. The results showed that the optimumconditions were as follows: carbonization time2h, carbonization temperature800℃andZncl2chloride activation process with activation temperature400℃, activationtime1.5h, ratio of liquid to solid of2.5:1, activating solution of60%, methylene bluedecolorization rate reached62.15%.(4) The synthesis of biodiesel from Sapindus mulorossi Gaertn seed oil bytransesterification was carried out over Sapindus mulorossi shell activated carbon loadedwith KOH had been investigated and biodiesel indexes was detected too. The optimumconditions of the biodiesel preparation of sapindus oil transesterification obtained byL9(34) orthogonal experiments: the oleyl alchol molar ratio of1:6, catalyst dosage of1.2%of the oil mass, reaction time of2h，reaction temperature of60℃and conversionratio of93.6%; transesterification conditions influenced by composite solid base catalystSapindus mulorossi shell activated carbon loaded with KOH were as follows: solid basecatalyst′s KOH content of35%, calcination temperature of500℃, calcination time of2h,esterification rate reached94.32%.And the detection found, that the sapindus mklorossibiodiesel performance indices were close to those of0#diesel and GB/T20828-2007Diesel Engine Fuels Blended Use of Biodiesel. |
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