Distribution Characterization Of Heavy Metal Pollution In Taihu Lake And The Derivation Of Water Quality Criteria Of Lead In China

Water Quality Criteria are the basis for the development of water quality standards and environmental management. According to Guidelines for Deriving Numerical National Water Quality Criteria for the Protection of Aquatic Organisms and Their Uses(1985) established by USEPA and lead criteria documents issued by USEPA, the aquatic species existing widely in the China were selected and their toxicity data were collected from database and acquired from our research on some native species. The biological criteria for lead of freshwater in China and Taihu Lake basin were derived and discussed.(1) We use ICP-MS to evaluate four metals(Pb, As, Cr, Cd) in surface water from Taihu Lake. The results showed the content of heavy metals changed a little with the seasons.(2)Mercuric chloride, lead chloride and sodium arsenite were selected to study those acute toxic effects on Chinese indigenous species (Carassius auratus(Linnaeus) and Protosalartx hyalocranius). The results of acute toxicity test showed:96h-LCso of mercuric chloride, lead chloride and sodium arsenite on Carassius auratus(Linnaeus) were0.13mg/L,169.47mg/L and20.28mg/L, respectively. The order of the toxicity of heavy metals to Carassius auratus(Linnaeus) was mercuric chloride> sodium arsenite>lead chloride;96h-LC50of mercuric chloride on ProtosaIartx hyalocranius embryo was0.50mg/L.(3) The results of study on lead criteria showed:the acute criteria and chronic criteria for lead in China were65.75μg/L and1.21μg/L, respectively and they were closed to the U.S. national lead criteria. And the acute and chronic criteria for Tai Lake basin were59.80μg/L and1.21μg/L, respectively. The first class standard of environmental quality standards for surface water and the contents of lead in Tai Lake were among criteria maximum concentration (CMC) value and criteria continuous concentration (CCC) value, which can basically meet the demand of the protection of short-term and long-term biological effects in surface water.