Synthesis And Applications Of Transition Metal (Copper, Nickel)Based Nanomaterials

The present work is consisted of two sections. First, contribution of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) to the atmosphere-dependent synthesis of Cu-based nanomaterials through ion-dipole interactions. Second, facile one-pot synthesis of litchi-like nickel microspheres:magnetic property and its application in adsorption of heavy metai ions. The main points list as follows:Section one includes three parts:firstly, there exsists a weak interaction (ion-dipole interaction) between polytetrafluoroethylene and Cu(Ⅱ)-urea complex through solid-solid grinding, and this interaction leading to the change of thermal activity in both of them. Secondly, a series of Cu-based materials were obtained through sintering the precursor under different atmospheres and temperatures, this approach provides an environmentally friendly and green alternative towards creating Cu-based materials by generating complex-polymer binary systems without the use of solvents. Our results indicated that the effect of PTFE played a crucial role in the formation of the materials, the exsistence of PTFE leading to the the reduction of the intermediate product CuCl to Cu in nitrogen was delayed, contrarily its oxidation to CuO in air was advanced. The nature of this role was ascribed to an ion-dipole interaction between the partial negative charges on the fluorine atoms (Fδ-) on the PTFE chains and the Cu(Ⅱ)ions in the coordination centers [Cu(Ⅱ)-urea] induced by a solid-solid mixing process; Finally, we choose rhodamine6G and crystal violet as model compounds and investigated the application of as-prepared Cu@CuCl in surface-enhanced Raman scattering. We believe that this study represents a significant step toward the development of practical synthesis of Cu-based nanomaterials and opens up exciting opportunities for the design and construction of a wide range of transition metal-based nanomaterials through the link between polymers and coordination compounds.Section two includes two parts:on the one hand, we discussed the simple synthesis of meatl nickel in the introduction of urea. Regulating the reaction time, reaction temperature and initial molar ratio of nickel salt to urea, based on the characteristic of urea to modulate the pH of reaction system through the slowly decomposition of urea to release hydroxyl. Ethylene glycol (EG) was used as solvent and reductant, we prepared well-monodispersed litchi-like Ni microsphere materials with highly uniform size and morphology. One the other hand, we investigated the magnetic property and application in adsorption of heavy metal ions in water of the as-obtained Ni microlitchi materials. Our results revealed that the ferromagnetic Ni microlitchi material have extremely good adsorption capacity and excellent selectivity for high concentration cadmium ions that have never been reported, furthermore, the as-prepared Ni material also have great removal percentage for relatively low concentration lead ion. We believe that this achievement have significant practical value for remove high concentration of cadmium and low concentration of lead in water.