Evaluation Based On Landscape Ecology Of Ecosystem Services - Gansu Province, For Example

Lately, with the intensification of eco-environment problem, ecosystem service functions are more deeply known. People understand gradually: Maintaining and protecting of ecosystem service function is not only the basic of human beings survivance and modern civilization, but also the precondition of sustainable development. Modern technology can affect ecosystem service functions, but can't substitute for them. So exploring the connotation and service mechanism of ecosystem service functions and analyzing the trend of development and evolvement of ecosystem under the condition of human beings effect are the foreland task of ecology and eco-economy. They hold out and protect ecosystem service function. Accordingly, they promote the sustainable development of it.This report point out the significance of assessing ecosystem service functions, summarize and analyze the connotation, birth, development and researching advances of it. Taking Gansu as an example, based on landscape ecology, landscape system is classified by ARCVIEW and ARC/INFO software. Combining with FRAGSTATS software, landscape diversity index (H), landscape dominance index (D), landscape evenness index (E), fractal dimension, landscape contagion index and landscape fragmentation index are calculated. They show: ?Grassplot landscape is a primary landscape type in Gansu. The numbers of big patch is much more. The difference is larger between big patch and small patch. Patch shape is more complex. Self-comparability is less. Region structure is more complex. (2) Region is mainly made up of large patches which are distributed collectively. Region landscape is mainly made up of the hill grassplot landscape of mountainous region and desertification landscape. (3) With the enhancement of human beings effect, landscape diversity indexes are declined, landscape evenness indexes are reduced, and landscape fragmentations are intensified. The ecosystem service functions of Gansu is analyzed from six facts, such as grassplot ecosystem, forest ecosystem, watershed ecosystem, farmland ecosystem, desertification ecosystem and city ecosystem. This thesis simulates a latent ecosystem using vegetation type map to explain preferably how landscape pattern impacts the service function of ecosystem. The unit price of every service function is known by annual average value schedule of global ecosystem service function. The total value of latent ecosystem and practical ecosystem are calculated respectively. Subsequently, they are compared, which show that human beings activities decrease the value of ecosystem service functions about $1,022,850,000. Combined with landscape pattern analysis, this report draw a conclusion as follows: Because people's knowledge about ecosystem service function is not enough, people pay attention to utilizing ecosystem, whereas they make light of building and management, which increase ecosystem fragmentation degree and decrease service function. Therefore, we should pay more attention to research and protection ecosystem in order to maintain a sustaining eco-environment in the future.