| The Holocene climatic changes, is one of the component of the world climatic changes, is a emphasis of the paleoclimatic study, and is also an important content studied in the Quaternary environment. The Holocene was a new stage in the earth's history, it was not only the continuation and development of modem climate, but also the important period to conceive human culture. Environment archaeology indicates: the warm-moist climate was the environmental foundation of the human society developed in Holocene. The study of the Holocene climatic change serial has achieved unified knowledge, which is the theoretic foundation to understand the relationship between paleoclimatic change serial and prehistoric culture development stage.Shandong with a long culture history , is one of the important places where China culture origined, and it shows a great important influence to the development of the culture in China. Study the climatic change of Holocene Epoch in Shandong province, form uniform scientific knowledge between prehistoric culture development and climatic change, are the important contents of Quaternary environment study in Shandong province.(1) Holocene climatic changes in Shandong province have been studied a lot, we have gained some initial knowledge about Jiaodong peninsula and Wensihe River basin, but there are still different opinions about paleoclimatic change serials. This paper uses spore-pollen analysis and environment archaeology information, combining with 14C to recover the climate environment change within the last ten thousand years in Shandong province. There were seven climatic change serials as followings:Since 10000a.B.P the last glacial ended, the climate wanned again, but was still cool and dry, and was 2~3?lower than it is today. About 9000a.B.P a period of cooling appeared, the temperature was at least 4?lower than today. The temperature then rose sharply, about 8500a.B.P there was a warmer period, the temperature was 1-2 ?warmer than today, it also indicated that a warming period started in Shandong province. Between 8000- 7700 a.B.P and 7300-7000a.B.P two cooling periods interrupted the general warming trend. Between 7000- 5500a.B.P, the temperature exceeded 2 ~3?than today, this was the most steadwarm-wet stage in the Holocene, the subtropical and the tropical vegetation universally existed throughout Shandong province. 5500~5000a.B.P, there was a cooling period for several hundreds years generally realized by the world, the climate was cool and wet. After 5000a.B.P since then, the climate was gradually becoming warm and dry, but was still warmer and wetter than today. About 4000a.B.P there was another cooling event, climate turned to cool and dry. Sine SOOOa.B.P it has been cooling gradually, the precipitation reduced.(2) This paper intends to study the relationship between the climatic change serial and prehistoric culture development stage, the result shows that there is good relativity between them. About 8500a.B.P, Houli culture developed rapidly within warming period, the agriculture achieved a relative high level, stock appeared, people had a stationary life style, fishing, hunting and gathering were still the important economic means.During 7500~6300a.B.P, the temperature was 2?warmer than today, which was the most steady warm-wet stage in Holocene Epoch. The prehistoric culture became flourishing during the epoch of Beixin culture, the technology of pottery making and the level of agriculture had well developed than Houli culture. In order to increase the food resources, besides agriculture, human was engaged in hunting, fishing and gathering and so on.During 6300~5000a.B.P was the epoch of Dawenkou culture with the highly developed and flourishing agriculture, the culture developed rapidly. Planting took the first place to the society economy, fishing and hunting activity were still the important economic means. With the development of productive forces, the private ownership appeared, culture level overrun others at the same time and was in the leading position in... |
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