Normal Physics Students Electromagnetic Pre-school Concept

The learners always comprehend the new knowledge on the basis of the existing cognitive structures. Among these, some are in accordance with the scientific conceptions, however, others are not. We call the latter ones "pre-scientific conceptions"(pre-conceptions). In recent years, with the development of the cognitive science, people have already realized that the existing pre-conceptions would prevent the learners from accepting, formulating, and developing the scientific conceptions. Therefore, it attracts many scholars' attention in the field of education and psychology at home and abroad to study the learners' pre-conceptions and adopt the homologous measures to change the teaching methods according to the cognitive structures that the students have already had.This research uses the constructivism as the guideline, the hand-made questionnaire of the normal students' pre-conceptions of electromagnetism major in physical as the instrument, investigates 366 students, and get 21 typical pre-conceptions in the definition of charge, the relation between the electric field line and the electric field, the static electricity balance of the conductor, the Coulomb laws, the relation between the electricity power and the field strong, and the order of GUSS in the vacuum. According to the investigating results, the author interviews 4 students thoroughly, analyzes the characteristics and reasons of the pre-conceptions, and puts forward to the teaching strategies of changing the pre-conceptions.The research results indicate that: 1. The normal students major in physics all exist pre-conceptions to different extent;they can rectify a part of pre-conceptions and form the correct physical conceptions through the systematicstudies;the succeeding studies can also rectify a part of the students' pre-conceptions, but the results are less evident than the systematic courses studies;2. Combining the explanation of the students' questionnaire and the interview of the students, the author summarizes five reasons of forming the pre-conceptions in electromagnetics: ?The electromagnetics in itself is abstract;(2)Be short of the sensitive realization in electromagnetics;?Limitations of the pre-knowledge;?The students' cognitive structures are subjective;?The teachers' teaching method is not appropriate;3. Through interviewing, we discover that the traditional teaching method make students' study lack the agility, cause a lot of students to expose to reciting the axioms, but the application of the formula is overlooked and the students couldn't really understand the conceptions, and some deep-rooted pre-conceptions, appearing in the actual utilization, result in the low ability in resolving the actual problems.On the basis of the above-mentioned research, combining the current learning of electromagnetics and the teaching, we propose some pieces of advice: ? strengthen the teaching of the basic conceptions and regulations;? put more emphasis on the experimental teaching, strengthening the student's sensitive faculty;(3) Visualize the abstract conception by making use of the multi-media technique;?eradicate completely the usage of the nonprofessional technical terms in the classroom teaching.