Northern Pollen Morphology Query The Database And Poplar, Cypress Pollen

The accuracy identify of pollen is the foundation of pollen analysis, but the reference materals for pollen identification were still followed 60-90's books of last century, and were less compared to the numerous plants of China. It can't satisfy the demand of modern pollen research. For this reason, under the supervisor's instruction, 308 pollen species of 201genera of 75 families in northern China was statisticed with 400 times microscope, and take photos using Japanese Olympus digital camera. Photos are taken on polar view, equator view, aperture, surface, wall structure, unique feature respectively. Then cut pollen photos with the Photoshop software, and construct pollen morphology database use filemaker software. This database provides functions of browse information through the WEB. The home customers browse and manage the system under Client/ Server mode, need to install customer software. Who just browse system under Browser/Server mode do not need to install customer software, can search the diagram file information directly use Web browser. This database provides Web plate to the research personnel.Cupressaceae and Populous is the popular arbor of northern China, but their pollen is not easily distinguished under the optical microscope, and often confuse with some spore. So we do this research contrast of optical microscope and scanning electricity microscope to provide morphology for pollen identification. Pollen grains of three species of cupressaceae and five species of Populous were examined in detail using digital photographic technique and MATLAB software. For each pollen type, 50 pollen grains were measured for their size (maximum and minimum), areas, eccentricity, P/E (pole-length/equator-length) and standard deviation of area respectively. Results show all pollen grains of 8 species are spheroid. Populus pollen size issmall range from 10μm to 25μm with granulate or reticulate decorate. Cupressacea pollen size is medium range from 25μm to 50μm with smooth and psilate decorate.From size and surface decorate Cypressaceae pollen and populus pollen can be distinguished by optical microscope. Different pollen species of populus can be easily distinguished by scanning electron microscope, but different genus of cypressaceae is difficult to distinguish. The Variance Analysis of the areas of eight pollen species shows that it can distinguish the eight pollen species with a reliability of 99 percent. The Cluster analysis of mean eccentricity, pole-length, equator-length and P/E parameter of five species of populus shows that the five species of Populus can be divided into three groups. Populus canadensis and P. simonii belong to one group, P. tomentosa and P. davidiana in another group, P. cathayana alone as the third group. This outcome is consistent with researchers'discovery on scanning electron microscope. Some pollen grains of Sabina chinensis have one aperture, and other kind Cypressaceae pollen can't find this feature. Pollen of Sabina chinensis has granulate decorates obviously. It doesn't evident on Juniperus formosana and unclear on Platycladus orientalis. According to Walker's conclusion of pollen evolve trend about aperture and surface decorate, we speculate that Platycladus orientalis is the primordial, then Juniperus formosana, and Sabina chinensis is more development.Populu cathayana. is distinct different from other species of Populus by it's reticulate surface. Other Populus species are granulate surface. It indicates the differentiation of Populus embodiment in the pollen. With the same reason found by Walker, we speculate that Populus cathayana is more evolved than other Populus species. Pollen sexine of Cupressaceae and Populous is very thin. This make it easy to crumpledor crushed then may pave the way for chemical and biochemical factor to completethe total decomposition process of the crumpled or crushed grains. Crumpled pollen is difficult to identify, so there is low recovery of this kind pollen in fossil record.