Study On Preparation Of Sound Absorption/Sound Insulation Composite By Basalt Fiber

Noise pollution has become one of the four great public hazard along with the development of industry, and seriously affected the physical and mental health of persons. It is very important to research and develop the sound function materials improving the quality of life. Based on the excellent performance of the basalt fiber, such as sound-absorbing, mechanical behavior, high temperature resistance, corrosion resistance, UV resistance, insulation, wave transmissivity and so on. three kinds of sound-absorbing/sound-insulation material were fabricated by using basalt fiber to composite with PVC, foaming PVC, foam aluminum respectively in this paper. Effect of different factors on the acoustic performance of composite material was also investigated, and the main research conclusions are as following:Basalt fiber/PVC composite materials has good compactness, the highest average sound absorption coefficient is 0.097 and the highest average frequency of sound-insulation is 42.16dB. it is good sound insulation material.Higher content of the basalt fiber and the larger diameter of the fiber can lead to the better sound-absorbing and sound-insulation performance of basalt fiber/PVC composite materials. And the longer length of the fiber lead to the worse sound-absorbing performance and the better sound-insulation performance of the composite materials. In addition, the interface compatibility of the composite materials was improved by the surface treatment of fiber cloth, thus the sound-absorbing performance of composite materials declined, but the sound insulation performance was better.For the technology of fabricating basalt fiber/PVC foaming composite materials, AC foaming temperature can be reduced by the mix of stearic acid calcium and zinc stearate, and "zinc burn" phenomenon can also be restrained by the addition of pentaerythritol. The foam can improve the sound-absorbing performance of basalt fiber/PVC composite materials, but the sound-insulation performance declined; and with the increase of the content of fiber cloth, the sound-absorbing performance of basalt fiber/PVC foaming composite materials firstly increased and then dropped, but the sound-insulation performance gradually increased, the highest average sound-absorption coefficient is 0.17, the highest average sound-insulation frequency is 34dB.Basalt fiber/foam aluminum composite materials was good sound-absorbing/sound insulation materials owing to its characteristic of porous materials and compactness of metal, the highest average sound-absorption coefficient is 0.34, the highest average sound-insulation frequency is 67dB. Effect of different factors on the acoustics performance of basalt fiber/foam aluminum composite materials are as follows:The larger particle size of aluminum powder, the higher porosity and the better sound-absorbing performance of materials. It can make the sound-absorbing curve move to the low frequency with increasing the thickness of samples, but the sound-insulation performance of materials was improved. Increasing the content of fiber can improve the sound-absorbing performance of materials, but the sound insulation-performance of materials fell. The smaller diameter of the fiber can lead to better sound-absorbing and sound-insulation performance of composite materials. The sound-absorbing performance firstly increased and then dropped with the longer length of the fiber, but the sound-insulation performance was better.