| Two energetic materials of perchloric acid amine salts were introduced in this paper, including theoretical calculation, preparation technology, structure characterization and basic performance test. The waste water containing ClO4- resulted from reaction of perchloric acid amine salts was disposed by a simple and effective method.The bond length and bond angle of perchlorate, guanidine, melamine and perchlorate guanidine were calculated by Gaussian03 software.Intermolecular forces between perchlorate and guanidine were calculated by molecular dynamics simulation and the possibility of forming a covalent bond was also estimated preliminarilly. Electron density and the surface electrostatic potential energy of perchlorate, guanidine and melamine were calculated by Molekel software which inferred the tendency to form groups of new valence bond.At room temperatures, guanidine perchlorate was synthesised in water by neutralization reaction of guanidine carbonate and perchloric acid, and subsequent cooling crystallization in indirect ice water bath. It is possible to get mono-guanidine perchlorate and di-guanidine perchlorate because there are two -NH2 groups in guanidine, so two raw ratios of 1:2 and 1:4 of guanidine carbonate and perchlotic acid were taken. Results show that whether the molar ratio of guanidine carbonate and HClO4 is 1:2 or 1:4, the XRD and IR spectra images of the products are almost consistent. The results of elemental analysis and MS show that they are the same material of [C(NH2)3]+[ClO4]-. By TG and DSC, thermal resistance and thermal stability of guanidine perchlorate were evaluated and by up and down method the impact sensitivity was tested. Results show that the sensitivity of pure guanidine perchlorate is significantly low than SY and PETN. The free-flowing property of pure guanidine perchlorate is very poor, adding 5% Al powder made the free-flowing property much better than pure product. The detonation velocity under different density of pure guanidine perchlorate and guanidine perchlorate added with 5% Al powder were all around 5500m/s.There are three -NH2 groups in Melamine molecule and six-member ring also contains three N atoms with low electrostatic potential, so perchlorate may react with melamine to get mono-salt, bi-salt, tri-salt or their mixtures. In this paper, the reactant ratio of 1:1,1:2 and 1:3 were designed, respectively. Three kinds of product were tested by XRD, elemental analysis, IR spectra, HPLC analysis and NMR spectroscopy, which proved that only mono- melamine perchlorate can be generated under three different reaction conditions. The product was tesed by SEM, TG and DSC. The single cocrystal of melamine perchlorate was cultivated in DMF and ethanol mixed solution and the crystal cell parameters was also tested.Perchlorate is poisonous, chemically stable, soluble in water and diffused quickly. Its pollution problem is a new hotspot in environment science and analysis chemistry research. For waste water containing high concentrations of ClO4-(30g/L), a large number of KCl was used to treat. For waste water containing low concentration of ClO4-(5g/L), strongly basic macroporous anion resin (D201) was selected, and static adsorption, dynamic adsorption and resin regeneration experiment were carried out. |
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