| In this paper, nutrient substances from apple pomace of 14 areas of 9 provinces in China were determined, the location difference and application prospect of these substances were also discussed. We chose apple pomace dietary fibre(APDF) as the researchsubject, and studied thedietary fibre modification by hydrogen peroxide treatment.The effects of p H and hydrogen peroxide concentration on physicochemical properties of the dietary fibre in apple pomace were studied, the preparation conditions for obtaining MAPDF with both the maximum yield and the maximum content of SDF were optimized using RSM, the effect of hydrogen peroxide treatment on structural properties of the dietary fibre in apple pomace were studied, and the obesity effect of MAPDF was evaluated by C. elegans. The main conclusions of this paper are as follows:1. Moisture contents of 14 apple juice factories were range from 3.49 % to 14.21 %, ash contents were range from 1.20 % to 3.35 %, protein contents were range from 4.93 % to 8.78 %, fat contents were range from 3.73 % to 6.99 %, dietary fibre contents were range from 60.21 % to 69.59 %, insoluble dietary fibre contents were range from 49.24 % to 61.03 %, soluble dietary fibre contents were range from 6.72 % to 13.58 %, sugar contents were range from 1.20%-16.07%, starch contents were range from 0.48 % to 5.29 %, polyphenol contents were range from 2.07 g/kg to 6.28 g/kg. The fatty acid in apple pomace was mainly composed of linoleic acid, oleic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, arachic acid and linolenic acid. The fatty acid content in AP from different location were range from 24.79g/100 g to 46.64g/100 g, and the unsaturated fatty acid account for 81.98% to 85.69% of total fatty acid. The amino acid content in AP from different location were range from 4.72% to 5.73%, andthe amino acid account for 33.12% to 34.53% of total amino acid.2. The nutrient substances content were different from different resource. The moisture, sugar and starch were with bigger difference,the protein, fat, dietary fibre, insoluble dietary fibre, soluble dietary fibre and amino acid were with smaller difference. According to the nutrient substances from apple pomace, it is suitable to develop the apple pomace as dietary fibre, polyphenol, oil and plant protein products, or develop as apple pomace feeds and fermentation substrate products.3. Hydrogen peroxide solution has significant effects on the modification of APDF, and the effect was closely related to p H and concentration of hydrogen peroxide. Acidic, neutral hydrogen peroxide treatments and alkaline solution did not have significant modification effect, however, alkaline hydrogen peroxide modification could be used as a clean and effective method to increase the content of SDF in apple pomace, and the content of SDF could reach 28.32%. Moreover, alkaline hydrogen peroxide treatment could improve the physicochemical properties such as water holding capacity, swelling capacity, and colour of APDF, and without any hydrogen peroxide residue, but higher hydrogen peroxide concentration went against partial physicochemical properties of APDF.4. There was no significant difference between modified and untreated apple pomace in structural properites after using acidic or neutral hydrogen peroxide. While after treating with alkaline hydrogen peroxide, the bulk density of modified APDF was increased to 0.76 g/m L-0.81 g/m L, the microstructure became dense and smooth, the thermal property became less stable, the startingdecomposition temperature was 155℃ and maximum mass loss rate was at 249℃-257℃,free hydroxyl was exposed, ester bond was broken down, and more than 97% SDF molecular weight were concentrated on 66320-66320.5. p H, H2O2 concentration, treatment temperature and treatment time significantly impact the APDF yield and SDF content. The optimum condition for high soluble APDF preparation was found to be at a p H of 11.30, a H2O2 concentration of 1%, a treatment temperature of 80℃ and a treatment time of 1h. Under the optimal conditions, the APDF yield and SDF content were 76.00% and 30.20%, respectively.6. AP, APDF and MAPDF all had the effect of reducing thetriglycerides content in C. elegans by dose-dependent pattern. Compared with APDF, the antioveisty effect of MAPDF was more significant(P<0.05), and the triglycerides content reduced from 0.150 μM/mg-0.177 μM/mg to 0.094 μM/mg-0.124 μM/mg. |
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