The Preparation And Properties Of Porous Carbon With Butterfly Wing Structure And Its Composite Materials

In this research, we have obtained novel hierarchically periodic photonic crystal structure carbon by using Morpho butterfly wing scales as carbon sources. The CW-Co3O4 nanoparticles composite (CW-Co3O4NPs) and CW-Co3O4 nano nanopillar arrays composite (CW-Co3O4NRAs) have been prepared by hydrothermal method. In experimenting we have explored the catalytic property of CW-Co3O4NPs for thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate (AP) and the electrochemical property of CW-Co3O4NRAs as an electrode material for supercapacitors. The main contents of the dissertation are as follows:1. We have prepared novel hierarchically periodic photonic crystal structure carbon by using Morpho butterfly wing scales as bio-templates through thermal decomposition. The carbon materials consist of regular multilayer stacks, which make from alternating layers of carbonized cuticles and air and which have a lot of hollow riges and cross-ribs. The hierarchical carbon structures with multi-scale organization have been successfully fabricated covering the full range of structure sizes from nano-, to micro-to macro-features, the volume ratio of the micropores and the total pores value is 15.0%, as well the volume ratio of the macropores and the total pores value is 25.0%and ratio of mesopores is 60.0%. The hierarchical carbon were doped with 4.19 atom%of nitrogen without other nitrogen sources.2. CW-Co3O4NRAs has been characterized by XRD, FTIR, Raman, TG-DSC, BET, FESEM, TEM and XPS, the results show that the presence of Carbon, Nitrogen, Oxygen and Cobalt elements in the CW-Co3O4NRAs composite. The doped N atoms could coordinate with Co2+, which was favorable for the uniform formation of Co3O4 nanoparticles and nanopillar arrays, because the doped N and O atoms was not only the ligand but also the anchoring sites, and the weight percentage of Co3O4 was about 67.0%, as well as pore size distribution curve of CW-Co3O4 NRAs composite is similar to the curve of CWs, which have the micro-, meso- and macro-porous structure. The potential of using the CW-Co3O4NRAs composite as an electrode material for supercapacitors was tested by cyclic voltammogram (CV), galvanostatic charge-discharge (GCD) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), demonstrating enhanced capacitance with the maximum specific capacity is 941 F·g-1 at 1 A·g-1, and good cycling stability, which ttill retain about 94.5% after 2000 cycles as well as improve the energy density of supercapacitors, which maximum energy density is 99.1 Wh·kg-1 without sacrifice of power density.3. CW-Co3O4NPs has been characterized by XRD, FESEM, TEM and XPS, the results show that the Co3O4 nanoparticles are supported well on the surface of the carbonized wings, nd the weight percentage of Co3O4 was about 70.0%. The thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate (AP) in the presence of CW-Co3O4NPS has been investigated by DSC. The results indicate that CW-Co3O4NPs has a strong catalytic effect on the thermal decomposition of AP. When the quantity of CW-Co3O4NPs is 2%(w), the catalytic effect is best, which decreases the decomposition temperature by 147℃ and increases the apparent decomposition heat from 173.4 to 369.3 kJ·mol-1.