Investigation And Study On Qingdao Small Towns And Villages Residents' Environmental Awareness And Sewage Treatment Technology

Water pollution is serious now in Chinese countryside. Since 2006, the government in Qingdao district has selected some villages and built sewage treatment stations. To investigate how those projects run after they were built and what problems exist in management, and to provide the material and experience for the sewage treatment stations in villages and towns, and to find which wastewater treatment technology is suitable for the villages in Qingdao district and even North China. In this assignment, we have investigate: at first, the resident's environmental awareness; secondly, the whole day sewage volume and quality fluctuation in countryside, thirdly, operational status of the stations and make a contrast. Based on these data, fluid state of land-bed reactor is traced to better the fluid state.Firstly, the residents of Qingdao villages know less about environmental knowledge and the way to get the knowledge is single. The villagers do not think the environment problem is very important. 58.3% of investigated residents know the importance of the environmental protection, 75.8% agree to protect environment, 53.4% have strong sense of responsibility for the environmental protection. Some of them think that environmental protection is government's responsibility.90.5% have positive attitude to the sewage treatment and 71% is willing to pay below 10 Yuan per month per family to sewage treatment.Secondly, the annual fluctuation of contaminated waste water in the industrial countryside is not big, the variation coefficient of month Km=1.19. The water volume fluctuation in one day in wastewater pipe is big, 10 minute variation coefficient K_10min=12.9. In the pipe the average concentration of various pollutant, COD_Cr=398.14 mg/L, SS=337 mg/L, TN=124.97mg/L, TP=9.94mg/L. There are big differences in characteristic of wastewater between the agricultural countryside and the industrial area. Sewage 10 minute variation coefficient all day in wastewater pipe of agricultural countryside K_10min=1.9,the concentration of COD_Cr in Dong Dazhai is 1/4 of that in Bei Gaojiazhuang, TN is 1/5, TP is 1/6.the volume of water each person used in the typical agriculture countryside is about 84 L per day per person. Type of countryside and collection of water charges have very tremendous influence on the volume of water each person used per day, Type of villages is the most important affect to the water quality and volume change round-the-clock in villages.Thirdly, through the investigation and study on five technological methods used in six sewage treatment stations, we have discovered that the sewage naturally purifying technology under plow layer earth is the best. The quality of treated water reach first-level standard B, the charge for treating sewage is about 0.30 (?) /m³, the management is simple. It is a good kind of distributed sewage treatment technology suitable for the Qingdao area.The expected management of sewage treatment station is changed, and it causes the high cost of sewage treatment. The problems are: lower influent quality below the designed in sewage, semiautomatic and manual operation, additional labor cost, large power consumption, intermittent operation and so on.Finally, through the tracing experiment, we have discovered that the actual hydraulic residence time of stone-bed up flowing reactor's is 71.4h. It is 93.0% of the academic residence time 76.8h, existing 7.0% dead areas. It needs further improvement.The fluid state of this reactor close to plane pushing reactor,σ_θ² =0.340, there also is certainly returning mix flowing.