| Background and objectCutaneous squamous cell carcinoma(SCC) which is a common skin malignant tumor belongs to the non-melanoma skin cancer(NMSC). Like other malignant tumors, its transformation is also a multistage, progressive process. However, tissue cell once transfer into malignant cells, their bio-behaviour also change into continuous and unlimited proliferation, and finally form a tumor. With the rapid development and widely application of molecular biology scientists, the research of neoplastic development not only is cell proliferation. The discomposure control of cell apoptosis is the main ingredient of neoplastic development. Now people have already change the research point from cell proliferation to cell apoptosis. Cell apoptosis play an important role in the neoplastic development and progress.The Bcl-2 gene family is one family of the important factors which can accommodate the cell apoptosis. There are many members in Bcl-2 protein family which can combine each other to control the course of apoptosis. The Bcl-2 families are genes related to apoptosis and participate in the evolvement and development of many kinds of tumors, including cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. Bak and Bcl-xl are members of Bcl-2 families. Bak can promote cell apoptosis, and Bcl-xl can curb cell apoptosis. They can combine each other to accommodate the course of apoptosis. The abnormal expression of Bak and Bcl-xl can make accommodation of cell apoptosis anormaly and promote the neoplastic development and progress.With immunohistochemistry, we screened of Bak and Bcl-xl expression in SCC and investigated the relationship between expression of these protein and the development and progress of SCC.Materials and methods 30 specimens of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma tissue were obtained by surgical of lesions from scalp, face, back and limbs, from Department of Plastic Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University. There were 23 males and 7 females. The middle age of the patients was 65 years old. No case accepted radiotherapy or chemotherapy before operation. The pathological classification of them involvs: 18 cases of well- differentiated, 9 cases of moderately differentiated, 3 cases of poorly differentiated. 15 human skin tissue samples of normal skin were gained from scalp, upper arm, abdomen and thigh of non-carcinoma patients or cosmesisors. The middle age of the patients was 63 years old. Immunohistochemical SP method was applied in this study. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS 13.0 statistical software. The level of signifinant difference wasα=0.05.Results1. The positive express of Bcl-xl was mainly in the cytoplasm of cell. Among 15 normal skin tissues, only 2 positive staining Bcl-xl were found. The positive expression of Bcl-xl was observed in 21 specimens of cutaneous carcinoma. The positive rate of Bcl-xl was 70.0%(21/30)in SCC, and 13.3 %(2/15)in normal skin respectively. There was significant difference between SCC and normal skin (P<0.05).2. The positive express of Bak was mainly in the cytoplasm of cell. Among 15 normal skin tissues, only 1 positive staining Bak were found. The positive expression of Bak was observed in 20 specimens of cutaneous carcinoma. The positive rate of Bak was 66.7 % (20/30)in SCC, and 6.7%(1/15)in normal skin respectively. There was significant difference between SCC and normal skin (P<0.05). The positive expression rates of Bak in low differentiated SCC was lower than that in high differentiated SCC (P<0.05).3. Correlative analysis showed the expression of Bak and Bcl-xl had a relationship (P<0.05).Conclusions1. Comparing with the normal shin, overexpression of Bak and Bcl-xl in SCC, suggested that they may play important roles in the development of SCC.2. The positive expression rates of Bak in low differentiated SCC was lower than that in high differentiated SCC. The expression of Bcl-xl has tendency of rising from high differentiated SCC to low differentiated SCC. These suggested that they may play important roles in the progress of SCC.3. The expression of Bak was correlated with Bcl-xl in SCC. The abnormal expression of Bak and Bcl-xl promote the neoplastic development and progress.4. Bak and Bcl-xl maybe become a new target to treat the cancer because they can control the cell apoptosis. |
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