Determination Of Artemisinin In Artemisia And Identify Studies And Adulterants And Synthetic Grinding Method Dihydropyridine Compounds

This abstract include four parts: The first part is the determination of artemisinin in crude plant by HPLC method. The second part is differentiation of artemisia annua L from artemisia hedinii ostenf and artemisia capillaris thumb. The third part is synthsis of 1,4-Dihydropyridines by the grind method. The last part is the study of indole ring syntheses.In the first and second parts, we study a new simple method to determine artemisinin in crude plant and to differentiation artemisia annua L from artemisia hedinii ostenf and artemisia capillaris thumb by HPLC.The artemisinin type of drugs is considerable to be the most promising compounds in the search for treatment of drug-resistant malarial. These sesquiterpene antimalarial compounds possess endopoxide bridge, as represented by the parent compound artemisinin. Artemisinin is a naturally occurring compound found in leafy portion of the herb, wormwood or artemisia annua, L. and has been used to cure fevers in China since 168 B.C. Although numerous methods for the analysis of artemisinin analogues have been developed, however, some of these methods do not convenience and some require sophisticated procedures.This study reports the development and validation of a simple, rapid, specific and accurate HPLC method to determine artemisinin in crude plant. At the same time,we select 8 peak to determine the quality of artemisia annua. The quantitative analysis of artemisinin in crude plant was based on the peak area and the following standard curve was made. The ODSC₁₈ Column(150mm×4.6mm,5μm) was used. The mobile phase as consisted of acetonitrile and water (55 : 45), the flow rate was 1.0ml/min, temperature of the column was 40 °C, and injection volume was 20μl.In the third part, We found a new method to synthsis of 1,4-Dihydropyridines by the grind method. l,4-dihydropyridines(l,4-DHP) is the calcium channel blocker , for the treatment of hypertension, with the characteristics of long-lasting , high vascular-selectivity and minimal side effects. It has attracted considerable attention ofmany chemical reasearchers for many years. They study synthesis,structure and the metabolism of drugs of 1,4-DHP. Consequently, a large mumber of reagents has been prepared in recent years. The aims to study synthesis of 1,4-DHP is to find new active reagents, Maybe the new active reagents will be used as drugs in the future.A practical and general procedure for the Hantzsch cyclocondensation reaction using ammonia has been described. Thus a solution of ethyl acetoacetate, formalin , ammonia and MeOH was refluxed about more than lOh . Hantzsch synthesis method has disadvantages of poor yield , spending long time and ammonia smell. Recently, The other methods such as refluxtion and microwave irradiationhave have been reported.In this thesis , 1,4-DHP derivatives will be synthesized and oxidated at the 25 °C under the grind method without any solvent . Compared to the known report, this method had the advertages of good yield , less pollution and friendly to the environment. It is a new efficient method to synthesize 1,4-DHP derivatives and pyridines derivatives.In the last part , we try to synthesize some indole ring compands and then synthesize carboline alkaloids.Indole and its derivatives continue to capture the attention of synthetic organic chemists, and a large number of original indole ring syntheses and applications-of known methods to new problems in indole chemistry have been reported.The Fischer indole sythesis has maintained its prominent role as a route to indoles, both new and old, and to the large-scale production of indole pharmaceutical intermediates. Fourthermore, the some new methodologies have been developed, wetry to synthesize new indole compounds by reported methods.