Pan, Political And Ideological Study

Pan Guangdan was a famous sociologist and educationist in the period of Chinese Republic, who was birth in Province Jiangsu. Pan Guangdan was birth in a gentry family, and got good education, so he went into Qing Hua School easily. Pan Guangdan was a very good student in the school, and successes to study in America where he got master's degree, when graduated, although his right leg was unable. His degree and knowledge help him to find a job in college, and get a high academic position. The intellectuals of Chinese Republic always were patriots. Pan Guangdan often writes articles to talk about social and political problems freely when teaching. These articles reported his political thoughts, which were studied by the book.Pan Guangdan's political thoughts covered over many aspects, and had strict logic. This book would mainly talk about his nation, equality, democracy and freedom thoughts.In the aspects of national thoughts, Pan Guangdan thought that a nation was a cultural and kindred community. He agreed that physical factor played a basical part from Eugenics for a nation. Although having many defects, Chinese nations were not old, and could realize a rebirth.Pan Guangdan's thought of equality was a little simple. As we know, the meaning of equality is too complicated, which included identify, average and justice. Complication made fusion; Pan Guangdan discussed equality under the ground. People of Chinese Republic always took equality as identify and average, while Pan Guangdan disagreed. He criticized it with the help of biology and sociology, and agreed with justice which included in equality. So Pan Guangdan hoped that justice take the part of equality.Practically, Pan Guangdan objected to equalitarianism, which needs enough courage in the country. The advice that justice takes the part of equality would enlighten us while it is a little partial. The income gap is becoming larger when reform-open deepen, so the social justice problem became serious day by day. Maybe it is a good idea that justice take the part of equality to escape from some fusion.Pan Guangdan's thought of nation is special too. In the aspects of democracy value, he thought that democracy ensured people's freedom and was good for national health and development. He also agreed that education played a critical part for developing democracy. Besides, family institution and social elites played some part too. We shouldn't ignore tradition when developing democracy in China. We couldn't imitate America and England completely, we need our creation.As a liberalist, Pan Guangdan's thought of liberty is complete. We can find that Pan Guangdan's thought of liberty emphasizes internal liberty which excludes disability and the lack of ration, but not external liberty. Like other western liberalists, Pan Guangdan disagreed with historical determinism and progressivism. In the aspects of liberalist liberty value, he thought that liberty was the aim of life, and benefit for realizing man value and social development and firmness. The liberal society could forgive variety, which was benefit for cultivating talent and national development. To get and keep liberty, we should build democracy and develop education. That is a pity that Pan Guangdan had to give up the thought after the building of the Republic of China people.Pan Guangdan proceeded smoothly without a hitch in his life. Under the affluence of America and Europe, he always retained objective and impartial point to criticize all standpoints which included the Kuomintang. However, Pan Guangdan met with his first political press in July of 1946 when happenned an accident that Li Gongpu and Wen Yiduo were assassinated by government. Pan Guangdan was involved in the accident and had to hide himself into American Consulate in Kunming. The event made Pan Guangdan to stand with the Communist Party and stay in mainland of China after 1949. In the beginning, Pan Guangdan tried to get with the new society, but failed because of historical problem. He was stroked in the movement of intellectual reform and anti-right, and cast aside by history.