Qing Dynasty Civilian Security Lift System Research

As a system of official selection and appointment, the Civil Service Guaranteed Recommendation System was established during the Shun zhi reign. Because its special role in the inspiration and promotion to the talents, this system had been carrying throughout the Qing dynasty. The sorts of the guaranteed recommendation mainly included the emperor decree guaranteed recommendation, the merit rating guaranteed recommendation and the service guaranteed recommendation etc. The methods included the secret recommendation, the open recommendation and the special recommendation, etc.Although the Qing government granted the nominators to recommend the talents, when the nominators abused their authority, they would be punished severely in order to regulate the Civil Service Guaranteed Recommendation System. Because of the weakness of the humanity, all kinds of personal relationships inevitably penetrated the work of the system, interfering with the justice and objectiveness of the system.The intention of the guaranteed recommendation was to recommend the talents to the court, however, some nominators made use of the opportunity to recommend their relatives, friends and classmates, even formed the gangs. For instance, He Shen groups and Yuan-Shikai groups.In the late imperial China, the civil service guaranteed recommendation was increasingly overrunning under the subjective as well as objective factors, which aggravated the congestion of the official career, even made the administration of officials more corrupt.