Bureau Of Thinking On The Qing Government To Deal With The Impact Of The Lesson Plans, Principles And Policies - Of The Guiyang, Tianjin Lesson Plans, Juye Center,

The standoff ideology is an important diplomatic ideology that existed in the late Qing government, the formation of which was the result of the special historical background at that time. It plays an important role in the measures of dealing with the cases in Qing government. The paper will focus on the Guiyang Case, the Tianjin Case, and the Juye Case. Firstly the author will disucss the formation of the standoff ideology and of the compromising tune in which the Qing Dynasty determined the church cases. Secondly, the paper will, from three aspects i.e. the officials, the masses and foreign powers, elaborate on the different policies that the Qing government adopted in settling church cases under the influence of the stand off ideology. As for the foreigners who directly caused the church case, the Qing government dare not go into it seriously, the government simply yielded to the foreigners' unreasonable demand of indemnity and construction of the church; as for the masses who is against the churches, the government suppressed them with a firm hand and punished those innocent people in order to meet the foreigner's demand of 'punishing the guilty people'; as for the officials who refused to carry out the standoff ideology, the government dismissed them from their posts. The government also made military preparations and policy restrictions while insisting on the standoff ideology, especially in dealing with the issue of punishing officials by taking away their lives. These measures are appraised positively in the paper. The present paper tries to give a fair, rational and objective appraisal of the standoff ideology of Qing government and its influence on the policy of dealing with church cases-...