Study On The Problems Of Refugees And Refugee Relief In Hebei Province ( 1945-1949 )

There are millions of refugees, who are the weak groups, in hebei province during 1945 to 1949. The thesis, from social history angle, analyses the belief account of refugees of hebei, narrates how the Communist Party and the Kuomintang took some measures to relieve refugees, and compares with the discrepancy on the base of analysis lots of files, newspapers and periodicals.The thesis can be divided into four parts: The first part is on the belief account of refugees of hebei. The cause of the appearance of refugees was due to war between the Communist Party and the Kuomintang, natural calamity or disasters, heavy taxes and levies and press-gang. In addition, the weak group has internal and external characteristic: helplessness, mobility and historic significance. In the same time, the association of political nature and humanitarianism gave rise to the complexity.The second part is on how the Kuomintang relieved refugees. The government of hebei made a great deal of policy, set up a few departments and took some measures which bought out positiveeffect in some degree. However, they had failed in refugee relief because of dispartment of the aspect of policy and practice, discord between central relief and local relief and wanting for friendly relations between government and society.The third part is on how the Communist Party relieved refugees. In the first place, the government of Liberated Area sang high significance on returned refugees and made a lot of policy on them. Secondly, the refugee relief consisted of spirit and material condition. Lastly, the government of Liberated Area made obvious progress including getting refugees resettled properly, dressed warmly and eaten their fill. Refugees had not become the burden to the government and people. In all, the government of Liberated Area succeeded in refugee relief.The fourth part is the of the difference of the refugees relief between the Communist Party and the Kuomintang. There are lots of difference in the way, effect and influence of relief between them. By comparison, we can not only benefit from their experience and take some lessons but also produce a little thought and be greatly enlightened.