Russian And Chinese Expression Means Of The Number Of Meaningful And Functional Comparison

With the continuous development of the international communication in science and culture and the further study in linguistics, language as the tool for human beings' thinking and communicating has achieved more and more concerns. Chinese and Russian are the two richest languages in the world, but there exist great distinctions between the two languages due to history, culture and religion. A comparative analysis between the two languages by means of the theories of comparative linguistics can improve the study and mastery of the two languages and regulate their usages.The concepts of number and amount are part of the most basic cognitive means of human beings, which play an indispensable role in people's daily life. They are not only used in scientific and technological fields, but reflected within the use of language. For example, Russians admire the number of "seven", while Chinese adore "nine", which both represent the certain national characteristics. This paper combines the concepts of number and amount together to make a comparative analysis of the expressional modes, means and functions of the unified meaning of number and amount in Russian and Chinese to achieve a deeper understanding of the meaning of number and amount.Through the comparison between the two languages in lexis, grammar, syntax and function when expressing the meaning of number and amount, we found that Chinese is a kind of analytical language with the help of lexes, that is, the number words and the amount words, to express the meaning of number and amount; Russian is a kind of inflectional language, apart from lexical means, which is a relatively complex system when expressing the meaning of number and amount through phrases, sentences, the order of sentences and the context. Otherwise, there are some distinctions in rhetoric, semantics and pragmatics between Russian and Chinese when expressing the meaning of number and amount.A comparative analysis of the meaning of number and amount with the relative theories of comparative linguistics can help language learners overcome the influences of the mother language and master the nuances in lexis, grammar, syntax and culture between the two languages. On the other hand, this analysis can facilitate the foreign language teaching and learning and improve the cultural communication between Russia and China.This paper has five parts:The first part introduces the relative theories of comparative linguistics, which includes the beginning and developing of comparative linguistics, the comparative principles and means and the definitions of the relative terms.The second part introduces the research situation of the meaning of number and amountin Russian and Chinese.The third part compares the modes and means of the two languages, Russian and Chinese, in expressing the meaning of object number and amount and the meaning of action number and amount from the static and dynamic perspectives.The fourth part compares the characteristics of expressing the meaning of number and amount in Russian and Chinese from three perspectives of rhetoric, semantics and pragmatics.The fifth part makes the conclusion.