Rent And Interest Reduction And Huaibei Anti-japanese Base Areas Of Social Change

In Modern China, the core of the rural question is the peasant's question, but the core of the peasant's question is the land question ; How to solve land problems of peasants is the key to transforming the rural society and even the whole country. A lot of politicians , revolutionaries all carry on deep discussion to this ,and attempt to solve this difficult problem . From the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom's " it towards field system ", Sun yat-sen's" land to the tiller " , the Agrarian Revolutionary under the leadership of the Party , the reduction of rents for land and of interest on lands in the anti—Japanese war and the land reform in wartime and the liberation war, the early days of foundation for the PRC, its core was to solve the land problem of peasants. The policy of the reduction of rent for land and of interest on loans in period of war of resistance is a kind of special land policy implemented under the specific historical condition , containing the double natures of revolution and improvement .It improved the relations of production for over 2000 years in China while its cardinal revolutionary principle was non-giving up liberating the productive forces . Carrying out this policy, although it couldn't solve the land problem completely, shook the ruling of feudalism politically,and weaken feudal exploitation in economy, having social function of liberating and developing the productivity. So, studying and re the reduction of rent for land and of interest on loans policy implemented by our party in the countryside and social changes caused by this in wartime, summarizing experience and lessons perfection in order to research the Chinese history of modern times , is obviously a job with important historic significance and positive realistic meaning. This thesis regards anti-Japanese base area of Huaibei as the case, trying hard to probe into the reduction of rent for land and of interest on loans and the discussions of the social changes caused by this of the base area , in order to achieve the goal of peeping the spot and seeing the leopard. While hoping to summarize the historical experience and lessons , it offers some reference for present rural reform The policy of reduction of rent for land and of interest on loans of the base area , had won peasantry's extensive support, arouse the enthusiasm of peasant of base area greatly and,liberated and developed the productivity of the base .It promoted a series of changes'taking place in economic , social structure , social life , social consciousness and state of mind of the base and caused the deep change of the whole society of the base . It impelled the rural land to scatter gradually in the hand of poor peasants, which created extremely favorable terms and prerequisites for solving land problems completely later in the land reform.The class' structure changed silently ;at rural the two poles—landlords and poor hired peasants'quantity reduced gradually;the middle and rich peasant stratums obviously expanded ;the polarization in the rural class' structure was turned to " both ends were small in the past, the middle was large ", forming a kind of class structure of spinning Zhyuan's shape .Undoubtedly it stabilized , consolidated and expanded the regime of base area . It has brought up large quantities of rural grass-roots cadres taking root in the masses, changed the situation of landlords controlling grass-roots political authority fundamentally, transformed grass-roots political authority completely and made it become the democratic regime relying mainly on peasants basic masses against Japan . It impelled the thorough changes to taking place in the social institutional framework of the base area .With reducing rents and cutting rates going on ,such mass organizations as peasants, workers, youths and women associations for anti-Japanese national salvation totally set up newly replaced the traditional organizations based on religion, family blood relationship and various kinds of organizations of underworld gangs. This not merely promoted the organization proceedings of the rural society of China greatly, establishing the firm organization foundations and social bases for the victory of Anti-Japanese War , even the victory of the liberation war, but also exerted a far-reaching influence on the institutional framework of the rural society of China after this. It lightened peasants' burden, promoted the recovery and development of production of base area , made peasants' economic situation obviously improve, the living standard rise gradually, the life state improved day by day and established the solid economic and social base for the existence and continuation of the base area . It excited peasants the enthusiasm of participating in politics greatly. They joined people's army enthusiastically , protected their homes and defended the country, participated in various kinds of political activities and mass organizations actively, supervised the behaviors of the cadres and the government work. Through the test of actual struggle and exercise of political participation, in the enormous social change of anti-Japanese base area people standing up in national liberation and class, the people of the anti-Japanese base area realized the transition from traditional people to the modern too This kind of change of the rural society in the base area of Huaibei was an epitome of every anti-Japanese base area . Just by reducing rents and cutting rates , the land relation of the rural society of every anti-Japanese base area, economic structure , class' structure , living standard and ideology ,the regime and social organization ,etc. all changed in various degrees. This kind of change was the result of reducing rents and cutting rates, and a starting point of social further development and change of village after the war at the same time , whichestablished the economic base ,organization foundation and social base for solving the land problem and changes of the rural society completely. As needs especially pointing out , the social changes of the anti-Japanese base area are still only a small beginning .Only after the foundation of new China , after the new social system—the socialist system was established and qualified to carry on system innovation constantly, especially after reform and opening-up, did Chinese countryside really present the earthshaking changes and did the peasants of China realize the transition from tradition to modernity .